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- ДокументBIOTESTING IN ASSESSING THE SAFETY OF GRAIN PRODUCTS(2021) K. Kurnosova, G. Krusir, О. Zaderey, О. Rusanova, М. MardarThe article discusses the issue of assessing the safety of food products that are traditional for the Ukrainian consumer (bakery products and wheat flakes). The relevance of the work is due to the fact that safety is an important indicator of consumer properties that all food products should have. The biological methods are widely used, including biosensor technologies and biotestingto assess the safety of food products. Biotesting is one of the research methods used to determine the degree of influence of chemicals potentially hazardous to living organisms by registering changes in biologically significant indicators (test functions) of research test objects with subsequent assessment of their condition in accordance with the selected toxicity criterion. The work assessesthe organoleptic indicators of the test samples. As a result, it was established that the samples fully comply with the requirements of the regulatory documentation, except for sample № 7 in which dampness and an off-taste are felt; this may indicate non-compliance with the storage or sale conditions. The safety of bakery products and wheat flakes was assessed using the Colpoda Steinii ciliate test object. It was established that the test samples did not contain toxic substances, and in the sample № 7 – wheat flakes purchased by weight on the market, the death of most of the Colpoda Steinii occurred within 10 minutes. This indicates its insignificant toxicity and the inadmissibility of further sale of such a product to the population. The second method was used to test the lethality of Daphnia Magna Straus (Crustacea).The results showed that in samples № 1 – 6 the number of dead Daphnia corresponds to the "non-toxic" indicator, but in sample No. 7 the number of dead Daphnia was 25%, which indicates the toxicity of this product. The third method was carried out according to the method based on the non-destructive biocrystallization method. It was established that samples 1 and 2 are characterized by the most symmetric biocrystallogram, which indicates their higher degree of organicity, which, in our opinion, is determined by a smaller share of external negative impact on the product and high-quality raw materials that were used in the production of these samples.
- ДокументCHLORELLA SUSPENSION IN PIGS’ RATIONS(2021) O. Karunskyi, Т. Voroniuk, М. MadaniThe article covers addition of chlorella suspension, its effect on nitrogen balance, digestibility of nutrients and amino acids, pig productivity. Various feed additives, micro-element mixtures, and vitamins are used in animal nutrition to deal with the deficiency ofcertain vitamins and mineral elements in the rations. The peculiarity of chlorella suspension as a feed additive is in the ability to cultivate it throughout the whole year and in the availability of optimized technologies for its cultivation and use. Chlorella suspension is rich in proteins, minerals, vitamins, fatty acids and fiber. Introduction of chlorella suspension into pigs’ diets has helped to increase the digestibility coefficients of both inessential (by 7.5 %) and essential (by 2 %) amino acids. Feeding the animals with chlorella suspension has also resulted in the release of nitrogen retained in animals’ bodies by 13 % compared to the control group. The additional use of chlorella suspension in the diet of fattening pigs (large white) was found to increase the average daily gain by 21.9% compared to the control group which did not receive chlorella suspension. The conversion of animal feed to obtain 1 kg of live weight gain in the control group was 5.1 kg, in the experimental group - 4.2 kg, and the conversion rate of feed in the experimental group was higher by 21.4 %.Feeding young pigs with chlorella suspension increases the digestibility of protein by 4.5 %, fiber by 2.0 %, fat - 0.7 %, essential amino acids - 81.6 %. The introduction of chlorella suspension to pig rations leads to an increase in the level of nitrogen in their body by 54.7 %of that taken with feed and 69.15 % of that digested in the body. Pork production profitably using chlorella suspension stood at 12.3 % , which is more by 87,8 % compared to the control group.
- ДокументIMPROVING THE DESIGN OF THE BRUSH MACHINE FOR GRAIN(2021) L. Soldatenko, A. Shipko, I. ShipkoThe quality of the finished products of flour mills largely depends on the efficiency of grain cleaning equipment, in particular, on those intended for cleaning the grain surface from dense deposits of organic and mineral dust. In modern conditions of an acute shortage of household drinking water, when the use of washing and washer-hulling machines becomes impractical or completely impossible, the role of equipment for dry processing of grain surfaces - scouring and brushing machines - is significantly increasing. Scouring machines separate high-ash dust deposits from the surface of the grain, separate the embryo and bangs, destroy clods of earth commensurate with the grain, and also lead to partial peeling of fruit shells. But they cannot remove dust and microorganisms from the groove of the weevil. This task - in the absence of washing and washer-hulling machines - is solved exclusively by brushing machines. They remove dust and microorganisms from the groove, the remains of dust, embryos and bangs, fruit shells torn by the peeling machines, and reduce the ash content of the refined grain by 0.02 ... 0.03%. And although the efficiency of the brushing machines is less than the efficiency of the scourers, they are irreplaceable at the final stages of cleaning the grain surface. The decisive influence on the efficiency of the operation of brushing machines is created by the technical condition of the working bodies and the size of the working gap between the brush rotor and the brush deck, which should be 4 ... 8 mm. However, over time, the brush surfaces of the rotor and deck will wear out, become dirty, clogged with dust and deform - the bristles get a slope and the working gap increases. In many respects, this is corrected by regulation with a special adjusting mechanism. But its capabilities are limited, and the longer the brush is used, the more often the regulation is required and the less effective it becomes. Specialists from many countries are engaged in the improvement of brush machines: Russia, Switzerland, Poland, etc. An overview of the designs and functional diagrams of machines of various companies, as well as inventions and patents in this area, can contribute to the improvement of the А1-БЩМ-12 brush machine, which is most often used in production lines of domestic enterprises. Invention "Brush machine for cleaning grain surface" for copyright certificate No. 459248 is just about the equipment for cleaning wheat and rye. The aim of the invention is to improve the efficiency of processing the surface ofthe grain by lengthening the path of its friction along the working surfaces of the rotor and the deck and continuous extraction of particles separated from the grain over the entire surface of the deck. For this, the proposed machine has a deck, which consists of a set of cylindrical brush rollers that rotate in mutually opposite directions. Externally, the deck is covered by a sieve shell, which can be made corrugated to increase the grain cleaning effect. The working area is formed by a rotary brush rotor and a brush-roller deck. Rollers of odd numbers rotate in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor at half the speed, and rollers of paired numbers rotate at the same speed as odd numbers, but in the same direction as the rotor. Grain in the working area goes through a complex zigzag path, after which it is blown with air and goes outside. To compensate for the wear of the brushes and regulate the size of the working gap, the axes of the rollers on both sides are installed in the radial grooves of the two fixed sidewalls and simultaneously in the inclined grooves of the rotary plates mounted on the cylindrical protrusions of these sidewalls. Since the total surface area of the brush rollers is almost 4 times larger than the deck area of the А1-БЩМ-12 machine, the specific load on the surface of the rollers is significantly reduced, which guarantees a longer and more efficient operation of the brush machine.
- ДокументOPTIMIZATION OF THE COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF BAKERY PRODUCTS(2021) О. Lakiza, L. Rudnіeva, V. VinogradovaThe article is devoted to the study of the properties of bakery products, in particular the choice of the optimal concentration of flaxseed cake in baguettes in order to ensure maximum caloric content. It is known that bakery products are necessary for a person to ensure his health and ability to work. The range of food products, in particular bakery products, is constantly growing. The analysis of the range of bakery products showed that the market is experiencing a shortage of flour products for dietary, therapeutic and prophylactic and special purposes for different groups, and their share in total production does not exceed 1-2%. The problem of food production is becoming more complicated and exacerbated by increasing consumption, declining natural resources of food raw materials and the presence of specific anti-nutrients. The article describes the characteristics of anticancer substances in food, which belong to the groups of hytosterols and lignans. The article presents the results of optimizing the composition and properties of wheat baguettes with the addition of linencake, flaxseed meal. The recipe of bread with the inclusion of linen cake in the amount of 1 to 15% was developed. The nutritionalvalue and caloric content of bread are calculated, its characteristics are given according to the main organoleptic indicators of quality (product surface, color and thickness of the crust, as well as the condition of the crumb). The effect of the percentage of flaxseedmeal on the moisture and acidity of bread samples was studied. It is established that with the increase of the content of flaxseed mealthe protein content increases, the carbohydrate content decreases, the fat content and the amount of unsaturated fatty acids increase.As the content of linen cake in bread increases, the amount of unsaturated fatty acids increases and its caloric content decreases, andits nutritional value increases. The use of flax seeds and products of their processing in the formulation of bakery and confectionery products can increase their biological value and physiological efficiency due to the content of anticancer substances, fibers, micro- and microelements, proteins and essential amino acids. Trial laboratory baking of baguettes showed that the optimal content of linen cake is 5% by weight of wheat flour, which allows you to get bread that meets the standards and does not require changes in technological parameters, which are set for the product without additives.
- ДокументPECULIARITIES OF THE PROCESS OF PURIFICATION OF AMRANT GRAIN FROM IMPURITIES(2021) G. Stankevych, N. ValentiukProper and balanced nutrition is the key to a person's physical health, especially in the face of deteriorating environmental conditions and the effects of daily stress caused by the accelerated pace of life in recent years. In this regard, the attention of many researchers and entrepreneurs is focused on the development and implementation in mass production of foods that would fully meet human needs for protein, vitamins, micro-and micronutrients, etc. Recently, ingredients made from non-traditional vegetable raw materials have been used for the production of functional foods. Amaranth belongs to such vegetable raw materials. Amaranth culture has been known since ancient times, used by the ancient Aztecs. The main feature of this culture is the unique chemical composition, which causes an extremely wide range of its use, which is not limited to the food industry. In terms of amino acid composition, amaranth grain protein is close to the composition of an ideal protein. The presence of squalene in amaranth oil makes it possible to use it for the manufacture of medicines and cosmetics. However, despite the prospects for the use of amaranth, producers face difficulties with the characteristics of the grain of this crop. Small grain sizes require careful selection of mode parameters of technological equipment for post-harvest processing. To substantiate the cleaning regimes, a study of the particle size distribution, physical-mechanical and aerodynamic properties of amaranth grain mass has been carried out. Based on the research, it is established that despite the fact that some amaranth species like shchyrytsya” have almost the same grain size and shape, the transgression coefficients calculated according to certain divisibility values can predict the possibility of separating a mixture of freshly harvested amaranth grain and its impurities, in particular from difficult to separate . It is proposed to use a set of sieves with round holes of the following sizes (mm) to separate this mixture: B1 – 1.0…1.1; B2 – 1.0…1.1; B2 – 1.0…1.2; G1 – 0.7…0.9; and elongated holes with dimensions (mm): B1 – (0.8…1.0)×20, B2 – (0.5…0.7)×20, B1 – (0.4…0.6)×20 .
- ДокументQUALITY EVALUATION OF PROTEIN FEED ADDITIVE AND TURKEY COMPOUND FEED(2021) В. Iegorov, A. Makarynska, N. VoronaThe article describes that there is a problem of providing the population of the planet with a complete protein in the world today. It is proved that its lack can lead to significant pathologies. This issue becomes very acute with the rapid increase in the number of people on Earth. In this situation the challenge is complicated for compound feed producers because it is necessary to provide protein feeds to farm animals and poultry to meet people's needs for animal protein products. However, feed manufacturers should not use protein raw materials that can be consumed as food. Based on cooperation with compound feed producers, the task of finding alternative sources of protein raw materials, preferably of vegetable origin, is set. The optimal composition of protein feed additive (PFA) for soybean meal replacement in compound feeds for farm animals and poultry has been developed. PFA can be manufactured at a feed mill with portion technology by weighing portions of components and mixing in a paddle periodic action mixer. PFA can be used as a part of compound feeds for poultry farms and livestock complexes, feed concentrates for poultry and livestock farms, feed mills with advanced technology, inter-farm or mini-feed mills. We have developed compound feed recipes for heavy type turkeys using PFA to determine the cost-effectiveness of using PFA in compound feed. Turkeys have been chosen as a poultry because they are the most demanding birds to the quality and quantity of protein in the ration. The experimental samples of PFA were made in accordance with the developed recipes. We determined their physical properties and chemical composition. The PFA experimental samples match the quality of soybean meal according to the physical properties and chemical composition. In accordance with the developed recipes of mixed feeds for heavy type turkeys experimental samples of starter and grower feeds were made. Research of the physical properties and chemical composition of compound feeds has shown that the replacement of soybean meal with PFA in their composition does not affect the nutritional value and technological properties of the final product.
- ДокументREGULATORY AND LEGAL PROVISION OF THE PROCESS OF DISINFECTION OF GRAIN AT GRAIN PROCESSING FACILITIES(2021) О. Fesenko, V. Lysyuk, S. NemenuschaThe article is devoted to the topical problem of controlling the contamination of grain products with agricultural pests at the facilities of the grain processing industry. The authors consider the use of one of the most effective methods of disinfection of grain products - fumigation, which, provided it is carried out competently and in a timely manner, avoids unwanted losses of grain and grain products. The characteristics of the main chemicals that are widely used as fumigants are presented. The article summarizes fumigants used in advanced countries of the world and are an alternative to the banned methyl bromide. A brief overview of modern fumigants allowed by the legislation of Ukraine is given, the existing problems of the domestic market of pesticides are revealed. Given that the effectiveness of fumigation depends on compliance with the technology of fumigation, special attention in the article is paid to the procedure for disinfection of grain products by fumigants. The authors analyse in detail the regulatory framework of this issue, safety rules, the use of personal protective equipment. The characteristic features and consequences of harmful effects of fumigants on the human body human body and the environment in the conditions of changing the order of disinfection of grain products are revealed. All grain processing enterprises have strict safety requirements for fumigation and degassing works. Training of experienced specialists is one of the important prerequisites for the safety of disinfection, so this article suggests ways to solve the problem of staff training. Emphasis is placed on the need to improve the regulatory mechanisms for regulating the quality control of both fumigants and fumigation works.
- ДокументЕлеваторні потужності по областям України: Рейтинг за 2019 р.(2021) Джерело: Https://elevatorist.comУ 2019 елеваторні потужності України, за даними Карти елеваторів сайту Elevatorist.com склали близько 51 млн т одноразового зберігання. У ці потужності входять фермерські, портові, примлимнові елеватори, а також зерносховища, для комбікормових заводів і ОЕЗів. З них на даний момент підлогові склади займають 35,7%, СОГі - 20,6%, металеві силоси - 43,7% від загального обсягу зберігання.