Разработка метода эколого-энергетической оценки технологий охлаждения и хранения охлажденного мяса
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1999
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Анотація
Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата технических наук по специальности 05.18.14 - Холодильная технология.
Диссертация посвящена вопросам обновления и выбора методов холодильной технологии на основе эколого-энергетической оценки В работе развивается новый метод экологоэнергетической оценки технологических и технических решений, основанный на концепции уменьшения эмиссии С02 при производстве 1 кВтч электроэнергии, затраченной на организацию и осуществление технологии. Предложен новый метод эколого-энергетической экспертизы существующих технологий, с помощью которого установлен наиболее эффективный метод охлаждения и хранения охлажденного мяса, рекомендованы режимы и охлаждающие системы для Палестины и южных регионов Украины. Для проектировщиков разработан алгоритм расчета по новой методике ТЕWIт, которая обоснована теоретически и подтверждена практически в эксперименте.
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.18.14 - Холодильна технологія. Дисертація присвячена питанням оновлення та вибору методів холодильної технології на підставі їх еколого-енергетичної оцінки. В роботі розвивається новий метод екологічної оцінки технологічних та технічних рішень, який базується на концепції зменшення емісії С02 при виробництві 1 кВт/рік електроенергії, витраченої на організацію та здійснення технології. Запропоновано новий метод ТЕWIт еколого-енергетичної експертизи існуючих технологій, за допомогою якого встановлено найбільш ефективний метод охолодження і зберігання охолодженого м’яса, рекомендовано режими і охолоджуючі системи для південних регіонів України і Палестини. Для проектувальників розроблено алгоритм розрахунку за новою методикою ТЕWIт, яка обгрунтована теоретично і підтверджена практично в експерименті.
The thesis for the scientific degree Phd of Engineering in Specialty 05.18.14 - Refrigeration Technology. This thesis is devoted to the issues of renovation and selection of the optimum technological parameters and methods of refrigeration technologies which can reduce the negative global warming-up influence of refrigeration technologies upon the environment. The conducted scientific research described in the presented thesis has educed a new method for the ecological evaluation of the technological and technical solutions based on a conception of emission of carbon dioxide in generating of l kWh of electro energy, spent on the realization and transformation of refrigeration technologies into the equivalent direct and indirect electro energy expenses. A new method for the eco-energy evaluation of refrigerated meat cooling processes and cold-storage technologies has been developed. It is based on the system method for evaluating the direct and indirect influence of expenses for electro energy, the amount of construction materials for cooling systems, weight of meat and its quality losses exert upon a complex global warming influence declared as a harmful emission of carbon dioxide and other gases from the biosphere. Refrigeration equipment and installations are a direct source of the emission of harmful substances and energy into the atmosphere, which causes the environmental pollution. Refrigeration industries and enterprises produce and operate refrigeration equipment and influence the environment negatively. The modem ecological conditions and ever growing scales of using the refrigeration equipment make it necessary to improve and construct more effective cooling systems in order to increase their positive and reduce their negative influence upon the environment. Scientific research described in this thesis shows that deep freeze of meat, to the cryoscopic temperatures, permits to prolong 3-4 times a cold storage period of the packed cooled meat and does not spoil its taste quality and marketable value in Palestine. This technology influences the environment much less, and reduces the emission of С02 which is the main index indicating the global warming effect caused by the cooling technologies. The techno-economical and ecological analysis of the existing modern technologies for freezing of meat have been provided and the most effective methods of meat cooling and refrigerated meat cold-storing have been determined and described. The technological regimes and admissible refrigerating systems for realization of their operation under the climate conditions of Palestine and the southern regions of Ukraine have been recommended. To optimize a choice of the technologies, taking into account their global warming influence upon the environment, some criteria have been suggested. Those criteria can be used as the indicators of audit (expediency) and a basis for management. The algorithm of calculation for designers was elaborated and based on the new TEWIT approach, which was proved theoretically and by practical tests. The mentioned criteria depends upon a number of factors such as: insulation material width; temperature level in a chamber; cooling capacities of compressors; the rate of cooling processes; COP; the capital and operation expenses; type of refrigerant; amount of its emission into the atmosphere; the meat mass losses due to dt.-ing and etc. The main advantage of the new suggested method for the eco-energy evaluation of refrigeration technologies is simplicity of finding out the reduced values of the electro energy consumption and amount of carbon dioxide, emitted into the atmosphere, in kg per a unit of the spent electro energy, 1 kWh. That is why the only difficulty for making calculations by the suggested method TEWIT, is in finding out the direct and indirect expenses consumption of electro energy, according to every item included into a list of the values determining the technology. The results of the analysis of various refrigeration technologies provided by the TEWIT method showed that the suggested criteria and coefficients are quite sensitive for the changing conditions of operation the refrigeration equipment and a cold-storage warehouse as a whole.
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.18.14 - Холодильна технологія. Дисертація присвячена питанням оновлення та вибору методів холодильної технології на підставі їх еколого-енергетичної оцінки. В роботі розвивається новий метод екологічної оцінки технологічних та технічних рішень, який базується на концепції зменшення емісії С02 при виробництві 1 кВт/рік електроенергії, витраченої на організацію та здійснення технології. Запропоновано новий метод ТЕWIт еколого-енергетичної експертизи існуючих технологій, за допомогою якого встановлено найбільш ефективний метод охолодження і зберігання охолодженого м’яса, рекомендовано режими і охолоджуючі системи для південних регіонів України і Палестини. Для проектувальників розроблено алгоритм розрахунку за новою методикою ТЕWIт, яка обгрунтована теоретично і підтверджена практично в експерименті.
The thesis for the scientific degree Phd of Engineering in Specialty 05.18.14 - Refrigeration Technology. This thesis is devoted to the issues of renovation and selection of the optimum technological parameters and methods of refrigeration technologies which can reduce the negative global warming-up influence of refrigeration technologies upon the environment. The conducted scientific research described in the presented thesis has educed a new method for the ecological evaluation of the technological and technical solutions based on a conception of emission of carbon dioxide in generating of l kWh of electro energy, spent on the realization and transformation of refrigeration technologies into the equivalent direct and indirect electro energy expenses. A new method for the eco-energy evaluation of refrigerated meat cooling processes and cold-storage technologies has been developed. It is based on the system method for evaluating the direct and indirect influence of expenses for electro energy, the amount of construction materials for cooling systems, weight of meat and its quality losses exert upon a complex global warming influence declared as a harmful emission of carbon dioxide and other gases from the biosphere. Refrigeration equipment and installations are a direct source of the emission of harmful substances and energy into the atmosphere, which causes the environmental pollution. Refrigeration industries and enterprises produce and operate refrigeration equipment and influence the environment negatively. The modem ecological conditions and ever growing scales of using the refrigeration equipment make it necessary to improve and construct more effective cooling systems in order to increase their positive and reduce their negative influence upon the environment. Scientific research described in this thesis shows that deep freeze of meat, to the cryoscopic temperatures, permits to prolong 3-4 times a cold storage period of the packed cooled meat and does not spoil its taste quality and marketable value in Palestine. This technology influences the environment much less, and reduces the emission of С02 which is the main index indicating the global warming effect caused by the cooling technologies. The techno-economical and ecological analysis of the existing modern technologies for freezing of meat have been provided and the most effective methods of meat cooling and refrigerated meat cold-storing have been determined and described. The technological regimes and admissible refrigerating systems for realization of their operation under the climate conditions of Palestine and the southern regions of Ukraine have been recommended. To optimize a choice of the technologies, taking into account their global warming influence upon the environment, some criteria have been suggested. Those criteria can be used as the indicators of audit (expediency) and a basis for management. The algorithm of calculation for designers was elaborated and based on the new TEWIT approach, which was proved theoretically and by practical tests. The mentioned criteria depends upon a number of factors such as: insulation material width; temperature level in a chamber; cooling capacities of compressors; the rate of cooling processes; COP; the capital and operation expenses; type of refrigerant; amount of its emission into the atmosphere; the meat mass losses due to dt.-ing and etc. The main advantage of the new suggested method for the eco-energy evaluation of refrigeration technologies is simplicity of finding out the reduced values of the electro energy consumption and amount of carbon dioxide, emitted into the atmosphere, in kg per a unit of the spent electro energy, 1 kWh. That is why the only difficulty for making calculations by the suggested method TEWIT, is in finding out the direct and indirect expenses consumption of electro energy, according to every item included into a list of the values determining the technology. The results of the analysis of various refrigeration technologies provided by the TEWIT method showed that the suggested criteria and coefficients are quite sensitive for the changing conditions of operation the refrigeration equipment and a cold-storage warehouse as a whole.
Опис
Аль-Алами Мохаммед Хасан Махмуд.
Разработка метода эколого-энергетической оценки технологий охлаждения и хранения охлажденного мяса [Текст] : автореф. дис. ... канд. техн. наук : спец. 05.18.14 "Холодильная технология пищевых продуктов" / науч. рук. В. П. Кочетов ; Одес. гос. акад. холода. – Одесса : ОГАХ, 1999. – 18 с.
Ключові слова
холодильная технология, эколого-энергетическая оценка, анализ, эмиссия, глобальное потепление, термодинамика влажного воздуха, гашение, перехват, холодильна технологія, еколого-енергетична оцінка, аналіз, емісія, глобальне потепління, термодинаміка вологого повітря, гашення, перехоплення, refrigerating technology, ecology and energy assessment, analysis, emission, Global Warming, thermodynamics of moist air, slaking, intercept