Науково-практичне обґрунтування енергоефективних технологій переробки олійної сировини на основі механічних та електромагнітних інтенсифікаторів
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2021-04-22
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.18.12 – процеси та обладнання харчових, мікробіологічних та фармацевтичних виробництв.
У дисертаційній роботі поставлені й вирішуються завдання підвищення енергоефективності переробки олійних культур, зниження затрат енергії на процеси сушіння та екстрагування соняшнику, ріпаку та сої, створення зразків техніки та методів їх розрахунку.
Методами енергетичного менеджменту проведені системні дослідження і встановлені енергоємні об’єкти. Рішення завдань в роботі проводилось за загальною схемою: «фізична і математична модель – експеримент – узагальнення та інженерна методика – створення експериментального зразка». Математичне моделювання ґрунтувалось на використанні класичних диференційних рівнянь. Експериментальне моделювання проводилось із залученням методів теорії подібності.
Проблема підготовки олійного насіння (сушіння) до переробки на олійноекстракційних заводах вирішена за допомогою інтенсифікаторів інфрачервоної (ІЧ) та мікрохвильової (МХ) дії. Виготовлені та пройшли апробацію в умовах виробництва експериментальні зразки ІЧ сушарок та МХ екстрактор. Розроблено їх типорозмірний ряд.
Проблема вилучення олії з макухи ріпаку та сої вирішена за допомогою мікрохвильових (МХ) інтенсифікаторів періодичної та безперервної дії. Емпіричні моделі отримані на основі методу «аналізу розмірностей».
Доведено економічну ефективність використання розроблених інноваційних зразків техніки і технології на олійножирових підприємствах.
The thesis for a scientific degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences in specialty 05.18.12 – Processes and Equipment of Food, Microbiological and Pharmaceutical Manufactures. The oil and fat industry plays one of the key roles in Ukraine and it is one of the leading and mobile ones in the agro-industrial complex of the country. This is probably the only industry that is experiencing sustainable growth even under conditions of the global financial crisis. Currently, the problem of energy conservation is very urgent, which requires some restructuring in all industries as well as the widespread introduction of energy-efficient equipment and technology. The tasks of energy efficiency increase when processing oilseeds, reduction of energy consumption when drying and extracting sunflower, rape and soybean, creation of samples of equipment and methods of their calculation have been set and solved in the thesis. Contradictions that exist between the need to increase the cost of the drying agent to intensify heat and mass transfer and the attempt to reduce heat loss with the drying agent of the installation can be solved by traditional methods. Therefore, the research work considers the prospects and problems of drying with energy supply using mechanical and electromagnetic intensifiers. Therefore, it is very important to conduct the research in order to ensure further improvement of the technique and technology of drying sunflower, rapeseed and soybean as the crops that are most often used as raw materials for oil processing and production by developing new drying methods and new constructions of dryers, as well as drying technologies, carrying out measures aimed at reducing the specific energy consumption for the drying process. It has been found that volumetric methods of heat supply are promising for drying oilseed crops (sunflower, rapeseed and soybean), among which infrared and microwave ones have become the most widespread in the food and processing industries in recent years. They can provide uniform heating of the whole grain. In addition, there is no need to use air as a heat agent, which significantly reduces energy consumption for the drying process and ensures the “purity” of dried seeds. In this regard, the combination of infrared or microwave heat supply combined with vibration activation of the environment appears to be promising. Since the extraction method remains the most waste-free in oil extraction technologies, and in the case of low-oil soybean seeds it is the most convenient one, it is proposed to intensify this process. The study of the possibility of using electromagnetic radiation during the extraction of oil from industrial crops of soybean and rapeseed is a promising area. The use of the microwave field will enable both to increase production efficiency and reduce energy consumption for the process. Energy management methods have been used to conduct systematic research and to install energy-intensive facilities. The solution of the research problems has been carried out according to the general scheme: “physical and mathematical model – experiment – generalization and engineering technique – creation of the experimental sample”. Mathematical modeling is based on the use of classical differential equations. Experimental modeling is performed using the methods of similarity theory. New results obtained in the form of criterion models are used as a basis for creating algorithms and computer programs for calculating and optimizing the developed samples of innovative technology. The research work has resulted in the theory of heat and mass transfer, development of the theory of extraction from vegetable raw materials in the microwave field. The samples of innovative equipment, namely, a vibrating dryer of periodic action, a conveyor dryer of continuous action with infrared and microwave energy sources, a microwave extractor for oil production have been created and have passed bench and production tests. The samples of innovative non-energy-intensive products obtained on the developed equipment have met the state standards. Economic efficiency of using the developed innovative samples of equipment and technologies at oil extraction plants is proved. The economic efficiency of using the developed innovative samples of equipment and technologies at oil extraction plants is proved. It has been scientifically substantiated that intensification of mass transfer processes during dehydration and extraction is provided through the reduction of the internal diffusion resistance due to the directed energy effect of the electromagnetic field. The method of combined drying of soybean, sunflower and rapeseed in the apparatus using infrared and microwave power supply has been developed for the first time; a mathematical description of drying kinetics, which determines the moisture content, grain temperature and air temperature in dryers of periodic and continuous action with the supply of mechanical and electromagnetic intensifiers, has been presented; methods of experimental modeling for determination of diffusion and mass yield coefficients in the processes of seed drying and extraction of rapeseed and soybean oil have been developed. The research work has further developed mathematical modeling of the infrared drying process in the mobile layer of raw materials using similarity numbers, research by “dimensional analysis” in order to obtain equations in generalized variables to calculate combined extraction processes in terms of volumetric microwave energy supply in raw material extraction modes, in the system “cake-ethanol, hexane”.
The thesis for a scientific degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences in specialty 05.18.12 – Processes and Equipment of Food, Microbiological and Pharmaceutical Manufactures. The oil and fat industry plays one of the key roles in Ukraine and it is one of the leading and mobile ones in the agro-industrial complex of the country. This is probably the only industry that is experiencing sustainable growth even under conditions of the global financial crisis. Currently, the problem of energy conservation is very urgent, which requires some restructuring in all industries as well as the widespread introduction of energy-efficient equipment and technology. The tasks of energy efficiency increase when processing oilseeds, reduction of energy consumption when drying and extracting sunflower, rape and soybean, creation of samples of equipment and methods of their calculation have been set and solved in the thesis. Contradictions that exist between the need to increase the cost of the drying agent to intensify heat and mass transfer and the attempt to reduce heat loss with the drying agent of the installation can be solved by traditional methods. Therefore, the research work considers the prospects and problems of drying with energy supply using mechanical and electromagnetic intensifiers. Therefore, it is very important to conduct the research in order to ensure further improvement of the technique and technology of drying sunflower, rapeseed and soybean as the crops that are most often used as raw materials for oil processing and production by developing new drying methods and new constructions of dryers, as well as drying technologies, carrying out measures aimed at reducing the specific energy consumption for the drying process. It has been found that volumetric methods of heat supply are promising for drying oilseed crops (sunflower, rapeseed and soybean), among which infrared and microwave ones have become the most widespread in the food and processing industries in recent years. They can provide uniform heating of the whole grain. In addition, there is no need to use air as a heat agent, which significantly reduces energy consumption for the drying process and ensures the “purity” of dried seeds. In this regard, the combination of infrared or microwave heat supply combined with vibration activation of the environment appears to be promising. Since the extraction method remains the most waste-free in oil extraction technologies, and in the case of low-oil soybean seeds it is the most convenient one, it is proposed to intensify this process. The study of the possibility of using electromagnetic radiation during the extraction of oil from industrial crops of soybean and rapeseed is a promising area. The use of the microwave field will enable both to increase production efficiency and reduce energy consumption for the process. Energy management methods have been used to conduct systematic research and to install energy-intensive facilities. The solution of the research problems has been carried out according to the general scheme: “physical and mathematical model – experiment – generalization and engineering technique – creation of the experimental sample”. Mathematical modeling is based on the use of classical differential equations. Experimental modeling is performed using the methods of similarity theory. New results obtained in the form of criterion models are used as a basis for creating algorithms and computer programs for calculating and optimizing the developed samples of innovative technology. The research work has resulted in the theory of heat and mass transfer, development of the theory of extraction from vegetable raw materials in the microwave field. The samples of innovative equipment, namely, a vibrating dryer of periodic action, a conveyor dryer of continuous action with infrared and microwave energy sources, a microwave extractor for oil production have been created and have passed bench and production tests. The samples of innovative non-energy-intensive products obtained on the developed equipment have met the state standards. Economic efficiency of using the developed innovative samples of equipment and technologies at oil extraction plants is proved. The economic efficiency of using the developed innovative samples of equipment and technologies at oil extraction plants is proved. It has been scientifically substantiated that intensification of mass transfer processes during dehydration and extraction is provided through the reduction of the internal diffusion resistance due to the directed energy effect of the electromagnetic field. The method of combined drying of soybean, sunflower and rapeseed in the apparatus using infrared and microwave power supply has been developed for the first time; a mathematical description of drying kinetics, which determines the moisture content, grain temperature and air temperature in dryers of periodic and continuous action with the supply of mechanical and electromagnetic intensifiers, has been presented; methods of experimental modeling for determination of diffusion and mass yield coefficients in the processes of seed drying and extraction of rapeseed and soybean oil have been developed. The research work has further developed mathematical modeling of the infrared drying process in the mobile layer of raw materials using similarity numbers, research by “dimensional analysis” in order to obtain equations in generalized variables to calculate combined extraction processes in terms of volumetric microwave energy supply in raw material extraction modes, in the system “cake-ethanol, hexane”.
Опис
Бандура, В. М. Науково-практичне обґрунтування енергоефективних технологій переробки олійної сировини на основі механічних та електромагнітних інтенсифікаторів : автореф. дис. ... д-ра техн. наук : спец. 05.18.12 "Процеси і обладнання харчових, мікробіологічних та фармацевтичних виробництв" / Бандура Валентина Миколаївна ; наук. консультант О. Г. Бурдо ; Одес. нац. акад. харч. технологій, [Вінн. торг.-екон. ін-т]. — Одеса : ОДАХТ, 2021. — 46 с.
Ключові слова
соняшник, ріпак, соя, сушіння, екстрагування, теплотехнології, моделювання, інфрачервоне та мікрохвильове випромінювання, sunflower, rapeseed, soybean, drying, extraction, heat technologies, modeling, infrared and microwave radiation