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- ДокументADJUSTING FLOUR QUALITY BY ENZYMES: CURRENT STATE, PROBLEM ANALYSIS, FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS(2019) D. Zhygunov, D. Marchenkov, T. LebedenkoThe article overviews the issue of wheat flour modification by enzymes. The role of enzymes in the dough formation process is considered. Modern ways of providing the desired dough parameters for flour products in conditions of Ukraine are shown. Recommendations and suggested directions for further research are given. Flour is a complex multicomponent product and have to correspond with a number of requirements for its composition and properties. Different conditions of grain cultivation and storage result in significant deviations of its quality indicators when it comes to flour mills. The modification of flour going through adding several technological additives, in particular by enzyme products. The action of enzymes to a large extent allows to adjust the properties of the dough and of flour end-products. In addition, enzymes further affect the nutritional values of flour, which makes it possible for the flour production to use low-quality grain, while maintaining the planned quality indicators of flour. The functional properties of flour fractions obtained on different technological passages depend on the content of various anatomical parts of the grain from which they derived from. Particle size, starch damage, protein content, fat content, ash content and intensity of enzyme activity vary significantly depending on the type of grinding equipment. All this gives reason for recommending the introduction of enzymes not while manufacturing bakery end-products but still at the stage of flour production. The damage to the grain with a corn bug, grain germination in Ukraine puts grain-processing plants the task of assessing the activity of own grain enzyme systems. Indirectly, this can be estimated using the gluten deformation index and the grain Falling Number. But the estimation of enzyme systems by such methods does not allow precisely to calculate the amount and composition of enzyme products necessary to achieve maximum effect when adjusting flour properties. The issue of removing anti-nutrient factors in flour, which is largely inhibitors of the action of both their own grain enzyme systems and additionally introduced enzyme preparations, is also relevant.
- ДокументTECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENT AND EVALUATION CONSUMER PROPERTIES OF DRY BREAKFAST(2019) K. Sakibaev, L. Pylypenko, T. Nikitchina, G. KasyanovThe assortment of ready-to-eat extruded products and the chemical composition of their ingredients according to the complex of basic and biologically active substances have been analyzed. The feasibility of developing new formulations of extruded breakfast cereals using non-traditional nut-bearing raw materials by means of adjusting the composition and types of leguminous and fruit components has been substantiated. The technology of multicomponent dry breakfast cereals based on wild nut-bearing raw materials of Kyrgyzstan and Ukraine, as well as cultivated types of plant crops, has been developed. The process of extrusion is improved through the use of CO2 with partial extraction of the lipid components of the raw materials. The composition of the six introduced formulations of dry breakfast cereals is substantiated by predictive forecasting of biological activity and preservation ability of the main food components after technological processing and storage of the extrudates. An increased nutritional value and a decrease in amino acids limiting the biological value of their proteins in formulations with leguminous, nut-bearing and fruit-grain components are established (formulations 1–3 − reduction in lysine deficiency by 18–26%, for methionine and cystine by 12–21%; formulations 4–6 − for lysine by 22–29%, leucine and valine by 17–36%). The absence of toxic effects and the increase in the integral biological activity of the Stylonichia mytilus test-culture in terms of its survivability by 18–31% for the developed formulations, compared with traditional extrudates, are shown. The antioxidant activity of the samples, determined volumetrically by the intensity of the isopropylbenzene oxidation, made it possible to establish the oxidation induction period and the concentration of antioxidants. According to the obtained results, the guaranteed shelf life of the developed types of dry breakfast cereals that meet safety requirements can be prolonged by 24–39% compared with the control, and the introduction of secondary raw materials to the formulations can improve technical-and-economic indicators. The nutritional and biological value, organoleptic and structural-mechanical properties, as well as the biological activity of the products developed, allow us to recommend introducing them into production.
- ДокументTHE FATTY ACIDS CONTENT IN THE LIVER OF JAPANESE QUAILS AFTER THE CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HATCHING EGGS(2019) V. Danchuk, V. Trach, S. Midyk, О. Danchuk, V. Ushkalov, O. KeppleThe five groups of Pharaoh quail (100 animals per group) were formed to fulfill the tasks. Quails of the control group were fed by the standard mixed fodder for quail (DSTU 4687:2006). The bird of the research groups (I–IV) received the same feed, but with the addition of 20 g/t of vitamin E. We selected the hatching eggs after 4 weeks of feeding research fodders. Eggs were weighed and laid for incubation using the standard mode after pre-incubation storage of the eggs of the quails obtained in the peak of egg production for 5 days. On the 14th day of incubation, the eggs of the quails were divided into 5 groups. Treatment of eggs I, II and III of the test group was carried out on the 14th day of incubation, respectively, with solutions of 1% sodium hypochlorite 2% perchloric acid 0,5% hydrogen peroxide. Egg of control and IV experimental group were not subject to chemical treatment. The material for research was hatching eggs of quail, liver tissue of 14 daily embryos and 1-day quail. The fatty acid composition of the lipids of tissues and egg yolk was determined in this biological material. Analysis of methyl esters of LC was carried out on a Gas chromatograph Trace GC Ultra (USA) with a flame ionization detector. Identification of fatty acids was carried out using a standard Supelco 37 Component FAME Mix. Quantitative assessment of the spectrum of fatty acids of yolk lipids was carried out by the method of internal normalization, determining their percentage content. Ontogenetic differences in the fatty acid composition of tissues are established. Processing of the eggshell on the fourteenth day of incubation with H2O2 solution is accompanied by an increase in the proportion of stearic acid in the liver of the 1-day quail and a decrease in the proportion of Neukosatrienoic and pre-fatty acids. Treatment of the shell with sodium hypochlorite and HCl is accompanied by an increase in the proportion of stearic acid by 0.96–1.00 % and аrachinic acid, with a decrease in the proportion of gondoinic and eicosatrienic fatty acids. At the same time, when treating with HCl and sodium hypochlorite, the ratio of the sum of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids decreases by 3.2–7.9% (p<0.05). So, the established changes in the fatty acid composition of the liver one-day quail indicate a significant effect of the chemical treatment of the egg shell on the exchange of fatty acids in the embryonic period.
- ДокументUSE OF OILSEED POLYFUNCTIONAL SUPPLEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MEAT PRODUCTS(2019) O. Topchii, Ye. Kotliar, T. Honcharenko, A. Petryna, O. TarasiukNowadays, meat production is developing towards a wider range of products. Their components are optimised and combined in such a way as to increase the nutritional value, to preserve the most valuable components of raw materials, to make for some lacking macro- and micronutrients by including the functional ingredients in the recipe. A possible way to improve the meat products technology is making purposeful changes in the formulation of the product. This involves selecting certain types of raw materials and additional components in ratios providing the required nutritional value of the finished product. New functional ingredients having the desired physiological effects on the human body should be combined with new, modern means of processing raw materials that will provide the necessary technological characteristics, the quality and safety of the final product. Home-manufactured vegetable supplements obtained from seeds of different crops are a promising direction of research. Their unique chemical composition and functional properties allow achieving the expected nutritional value of the finished product in accordance with modern nutritional standards. This article presents the results of analysing and studying of oilseeds aimed at creating a balanced multifunctional supplement to be used in recipes of functional meat products. It has been studied how the functional and technological parameters of seeds change depending on the degree of their grinding. The organoleptic evaluation has allowed determining the optimum ratio of plant components in the mixture. The quality parameters of the supplement developed, its biological value, vitamin and mineral composition have been determined. The organoleptic characteristics and structural and mechanical parameters of meat model systems have been analysed, which has made it possible to recommend the right percentage of the composite oilseed mixture in the recipes of meat products, namely, pates and chopped semi-finished products.
- ДокументSTUDIES OF WATER FREEZING FEATURES IN ICE CREAM WITH STARCH SYRUP(2019) G. Polischuk, T. Sharahmatova, N. Breus, O. Bass, I. ShevchenkoThe purpose of the study is to research the process of water freezing in new types of ice cream with starch syrup at certain stages of the technological process. Starch syrup as a degradation product of corn starch is characterized by different values of the dextrose equivalent (DE). Starch syrup is a source of solids, sweetener, cryoprotectants (at high DE) and thickener (for low values of DE). The starch syrups with fundamentally different functional and technological properties are chosen for the study: high glucose-fructose syrup HGFS-98 (DE = 98) and low-sugar starch syrup GFS-30 (DE = 30). To determine the size of ice crystals in ice cream, a light microscope of the brand XS-2610 with a cooling chamber is used for an increase of x600, and the cryoscopic temperature is measured by cryostat and Beckmann thermometer (TL-1) to calculate the content of frozen out water. The regularities of the process of water freez-out in ice cream with milk fat content of 3.5%, creamy fat content of 10% and filling with fat content of 15% in the temperature range from minus 6ºС to minus 40ºС are established. In particular, the content of frozenwater in ice-cream at certain stages of the technological process is determined. The results are used to optimize the prescription composition of ice cream with starch syrup. It is recommended to use hydrocarbon complexes consisting of HGFS-98 and GFS-30 in the ratio of 30:70 to 80:20 to reduce the content of frozen water in ice cream of different chemical compositions. The results of the study are of practical importance and allow to obtain in production conditions the fine-crystalline structure of ice cream with starch syrup.
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