TENDENCIES AND PECULIARITIES OF SHRIMP FEED PRODUCTION
Анотація
<p>Aquaculture is food sector, which is growing rapidly in the last 25 years with annual growth rate 8,2 . One of the most<br />perspective branches of aquaculture is shrimp farming. The cost of feeds is up to 80% of the cost of shrimp breeding, so providing<br />the industry with high-quality feeds is the important goal of the feed industry in all over the world. The theoretical research was devoted<br />to the task of compound shrimp feed production. In order to satisfy shrimp requirements, shrimp feeding systems were shown.<br />Existing shrimp breeding systems are shown as different from the type of reservoirs (static / running water, indoor or outdoor), feeding<br />methods, and the species of grown shrimp. Features of the nutritional standards for freshwater and saltwater shrimps were analyzed.<br />Nutrient requirements of shrimp have been changed through shrimp life-cycle. The shrimp life-cycle was shown.<br />World leaders-producers of compound mixed feeds for shrimps were shown. The analysis of pellet size and nutritional value<br />of compound mixed feeds of crude protein content in prestart, starter, grower and finish periods of cultivation and in accordance<br />with the system of cultivation and feeding shrimp (intensive, extensive, semi-intensive) is carried out. The requirements for the content<br />of main minerals, vitamins and restrictions to the content of crude fiber are given. Traditional ingredients are described. Binders<br />and preservatives, which are used for shrimp feeds, are shown and subscribed. In raw material the main problem is the need to ensure<br />high protein content in the shrimp feed recipes. Because of many factors, fish meal quantity should be reduced in recipes. Because<br />of its attractive amino acid content, availability and relatively affordable price, soybean meal and soy concentrates have received<br />increasing attention as substitutes for marine animal meals.<br />The features of technological lines and processes of production of mixed feeds for shrimp are shown.<br />Еhe advantages and disadvantages of using the two most common processes of production of shrimp feeds (pelleting and<br />extrusion), despite the relatively high cost extrusion, undoubtedly, is the main process of shrimp feed production.<br />At the same time, there are challenges, which need to be overcome by the industry for effective further development: to<br />produce environmentally friendly feeds, to conduct further studies in order to clarify the required nutritional value of shrimp feed<br />and add amino acids, feed enzymes, chemo-attractants, probiotics, and immunostimulants, to provide the necessary water stability of<br />pellets, and to increase feed conversion rate, develop regional, national, or international guidelines and codes of practices for both<br />feed manufacturing practices and feed management practices, reduce fish meal in shrimp feed recipes.<br />Despite the existence of problems, shrimp production is growing and the production of feed for their feeding has a great<br />potential as an important source of animal protein in human nutrition.</p>