Helium production from natural gas and market analysis

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Дата
2022
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Анотація
Helium is a non-renewable gas used in emerging applications as well as in well-established industries of more than 5 decades. Because it has such unique properties, it is difficult to replace it with another element. Helium is obtained as a by-product natural gas purification via cryogenic distillation, therefore its production is tied to that of methane. Helium as a by- product of this process is only profitable depending on the percentage that the natural gas carries. One part of the market is supplied by natural gas producers such as Gazprom, Exxon-Mobile and Qatar gas and the other part by annual auctions of the United States Federal Helium Reserve, which sells crude gas to refineries of Linde, Air Liquide, Praxair, Air Products and Messier. This scenario is about to change due to the total privatization of the reserve in Amarillo Texas and the sale of the last public reserves. On the other hand, electromagnetic resonances always accounted for most of the helium demand, but the machines have been modernized and consume less without sacrificing efficiency. Experts suggest that helium consumption for the production of semiconductors and optical fibers in electronics will exceed that of MRIs in the coming years. The helium market is volatile not only due to supply and demand but also due to logistics and storage complexities: in the past 15 there were three Helium Shortages that is 6 years in which supply could not meet demand. With inelastic economic characteristics and production methods that present adversities to supply the demand, this research opts for a better understanding of the elements that influence the second most common element in the universe but of limited quantities on Earth.
Опис
Serra Leal J. S. Helium production from natural gas and market analysis / J. S. Serra Leal ; advisor J. I. Valverde // Black Sea Science 2022 : proc. of the Intern. Competition of Student Scientific Works / Odesa National University of Technology ; eds. B. Yegorov, M. Mardar [et al.]. – Odessa : ONUT, 2022. – P. 553–570 : tabl., fig. – Ref.: 82 tit.
Ключові слова
Helium, natural gas, cryogenics, MRI, BLM, Amur
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