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- ДокументPRACTICAL QUESTIONS FOR SILO BAGS GRAIN STORAGE TECHNOLOGY(2019) O. M. M. ZHELOBKOVA, G. N. STANKEVYCHIn enterprises with limited capacities and a low-powered grain drying facilities there is a problem of economical and reliable storage of dry, wet and moist grains. One of the options for its successful solution is the application of grain storage technology in silo bags, tested in many enterprises, the basic principle of which is based on the self-preservation of grain under hermetic conditions in an environment of carbon dioxide. To implement this technology, it is necessary to determine the suitability of the batch of grain for loading in the silo bags on the basis of an operational analysis of the grain quality. After loading the grain, the silo bags are sealed, the grain mass is stored for a certain time and then unloaded. After many years of industrial testing of grain storage technology in silobags, recommendations have been developed that allow to ensure the quantity and proper quality of grain in the process of implementation of the technology. To do this, it is provided to carry out a whole range of activities - personnel training, the selection and preparation of a storage area for grain, deratization, the determination of the quality of grain at all stages and a safe shelf-life, depending on the condition of the grain, weighing of the grain; loading silo bags and placing them on the site; drawing of marks for identification of silobags; monitoring of the state of silo bags and grain and the restoration of the integrity of the silo bags throughout the storage period; accounting for grain in the silobags; processing of unconditioned grain; object protection, final analysis of the work performed, identify problems and ways to solve them. The storage site for grain in the silo bags must be cleaned of stubble and grass, sharp objects, grain residues, solid hardwood or the most densely packed soil (the clay surface is undesirable, as precipitation makes imposible laying and unloading of silobags), ensure no stagnation of water during rains and melting snow, provide the possibility of free movement of special equipment on the site. It must be deratized and fenced with a mesh with small openings, a height of at least 1 m and dipped. The analysis of the characteristics of three-layer silobags showed that to optimize the storage of dry grain, it is advisable to use the largest silobags of 90 m in length, since they have a larger capacity, there will be less time spent on dressing and sealing the silobags, saving space between the silo bags lying along one another , there will be less length of silobags to go for tying, as well as saving money on the cost of silobags, the cost of working time and fuel (decreases the number of transfers of special equipment). It is advisable to take into account the possibility of unloading the sleeve during one shift. At all stages (loading, storage, unloading) the determination of the quality of grain, monitoring the condition and restoring the integrity of the silo bags checking the sanitary condition of the site and the presence of baits should be carried out. Precautions should be observed, grain accounting, working with non-standard grain and final analysis of grain storage results should be carried out.
- ДокументWHEAT ARABINOXYLANS: STRUCTURE, EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERISTICS(2019) L. V. KAPRELYANTS, L. G. POZHITKOVA, T. A. VELICHKO, O. A. BILYKWheat bran is a by-product of conventional milling and is commercially available in large quantities. Beside its high content of dietary fibre it contains proteins, minerals as well as vitamins and others biologically active components. In recent years, there have been designed different approaches to incorporation of wheat bran in food products to optimize composition or physiological effects. Industrial wheat bran is one of the most representative available hemicellulosic rich products. Arabinoxylans are the predominant non-starch polysaccharides found in the structural matrix of cell walls in wheat grains, being present in large quantities in wheat bran, accounting for up to 15-20% of its composition. Their physicochemical properties define their functionality which can be beneficial in cereal-based products such as bread, where their addition could enhance the gluten matrix responsible for the aerated structure and quality of bread. A potential source of аrabinoxylans is its extraction from the wheat bran based low value as an end product of the milling process. The benefits of extraction are twofold, to enhance nutritional value wheat by-product reducing fibre content and produce a high value product for use as a functional ingredient in the bread making industry and in others foods. Extraction of arabinoxylans involves many possibilities for obtaining substances with different physicochemical properties, giving opportunity for integration in functional foods. Functional behaviour includes viscosity, water solubility, water holding capacity, oxidative cross linking and gel formation and foam stability, which are all reported to be affected by the physicochemical properties of arabinoxylans, as well as chain to chain interactions with other polymers and with the solvent. Currently no commercial supply of arabinoxylans is available in sufficient quantities to conduct functionality trials; therefore the objective of the current work was to study the feasibility of extracting arabinoxylans from the bran for future developing and scaled-up extraction process based on the analyzed methods and approaches.
- ДокументPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES OF FORMED PREMIXES(2019) A. V. MAKARYNSKA,, B. V. IEGOROVThe article presents theoretical analysis and practical experience of the production of premixes (P) by different technologies of preparation of the filler. Their advantages and disadvantages are stated. The classification of premix fillers is presented and the distribution of biologically active substances in the premix composition, which is made on different fillers, is schematically presented. The technology of production of a complex filler premixes (CFP) in the form is theoretically and practically substantiated. Various methods of forming depending on the composition of the complex filler are considered, as well as the technological scheme of their production is presented. The results of industrial approbation of technologies of forming (granulation, briquetting, rolling, extrusion) of fillers and ready premixes in the production conditions of TG "VBA" "Izvestnyaki" are presented. The physical indicators of the formed complex fillers / premixes were investigated, and on the basis of the analysis of the obtaineddata it was found that granulation and briquetting can be subjected to CFP consisting of 75… 50% wheat bran and 25… 50% limestone flour. The pellet is a CFP consisting of 85% wheat bran and 15% limestone flour. Optimal technological modes of forming KNP and P in different ways have been established, as a result of which it is possible to obtain particles of P, which, upon further mixing with the feed components, ensure a high homogeneity of the finished feed. The results of the study of microbiological parameters are presented, it is established that the formation of CFP or P reduces the bacterial flora and improves the conditions during their storage. The proposed technological methods of preparation of CFP can eliminate the stratification and stabilize its composition during transportation and storage.
- ДокументIMPROVEMENT OF THE COLLECTOR OUTPUT DEVICE OF THE DISK SEPARATORS(2019) L. S. SOLDATENKO, I. OSTROVKYIDisk separators operate on the basis of selective removal of a short fraction grain from a mixture with longer ones, for example, darnel grains and similar impurities from a mixture of wheat grains; or wheat grains from a mixture of wild oat seeds and other longer waste particles. For this purpose, the working bodies of separators— cylinders or disks — are equipped with special cavities, so called “cells”, which location, shape and size correspond to the technological operation. In the flow lines of the grain cleaning workshops of high performance flour mills, predominantly, disk separators, which construction and productivity are well-known from the scientific and technical literature, are used. In recent decades, the improved, so-called small-scale disk separators for wild oat, for example, A9-УТО-6 and some others, have been created and become widely used. Their specialties include, in particular, the lack of interdisciplinary trays in the pre-configured prefabricated input device (i.e., they are characterized by the use of unblocked WUAs). Further improvement of an unblocked WUA is possible on the basis of “The grain mixture cleaning method", which involves the location of cells on the surface of the discs, which ensures that the short particles fall out of them with a compact beam at the same angle, regardless of the distance of the cell relative to the axis of rotation. Therefore, the casting model of the disc should receive a more complex construction, which, unlike the present, mainly manual technology, is expedient to use with modern CNC milling machines.