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- ДокументPRODUCTION OF COMPOUND FEEDS FOR BUDGERIGARS-PROSPECTIVE DIRECTION OF COMPOUND FEED DEVELOPMENT(2022) A. Makarynska, N. Vorona, G. KravchenkoThe article describes that budgerigar is one of the most popular domestic birds. Budgerigars have become so popular thatthey have "overtaken" even canaries in this regard.The budgerigars eat the same as other parrots. They like nuts, millet, oats and wheat. Undoubtedly, they need fruits andvegetables for development and growth. They like to indulge in slices of tangerine and lemon, pears and apples.It is advisable to use pelleted feed to meet all the needs of parrots in nutrients and biologically active substances. These aresmall dry pellets balanced in the amount of nutrients, with the addition of important essential amino acids and vitamins. Pelleted feedis made from a mixture of cereals, vegetables, mineral and vitamin supplements. No additional synthetic vitamins or supplements arerequired when feeding pelleted feed.Parrots are popular in the world. The budgerigars rank 4th in Ukraine in popularity among pets after cats and dogs.The pet feed market has existed for about 20 years in Ukraine, so in terms of volumes it lags far behind the world's leadingmarkets. At the same time, the Ukrainian pet feed market is characterized as fast-growing according to analysts at Euromonitor International.It is considered that Ukraine is in 8th place in the TOP-10 fast-growing pet feed markets. However, the Ukrainian marketis dominated by foreign producers feed from countries such as Hungary, Russia, the United States, France and others.The following brands are among the budgies feed in Ukraine: «Lori», «Nature», «Maxi», «Special One», etc.Proper feeding of budgies does not cause much trouble nowadays. Parrots like solid feed consisting of a mixture of cereals,and soft feed from fruits, vegetables and protein foods.Pellets are a solution for parrot owners who haven’t time to closely monitor their pet's diet. The pellets contain choppedfruits, vegetables and other useful components (depending on the brand and product). They can be given to the bird if it is not possibleto get fresh food.The pellets have advantages and disadvantages. The disadvantages include the difficult transition to a such diet, as theparrot does not understand that it is food. Advantages: the composition of pellets is enriched with essential and non-essential aminoacids and vitamins. Pelleted feed is well balanced for the daily diet and haven’t husks as an additional positive effect.The cost of raw materials for the developed pelleted feed is on average 10 UAH per 1 kg. It is advisable to produce pelletedfeed for budgies, because the low cost and high quality will attract owners of budgies.
- ДокументINNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR MODULAR DRYERS(2022) I. Gaponyuk, O. GaponyukIf a few years ago, with a twofold increase in yields and a severalfold increase in the export potential of the domesticgrain industry, there was a 140% shortage of capacity and almost 150% of drying capacity [4], now the deficit of thiscapacity has not only not decreased, but also increased. And the reason for this is not the low pace of construction or renewalof the production potential of grain procurement enterprises, but rather the outpacing of the growth rate of gross grainproduction over the pace of construction of new elevators.Given the deficit of the world balance in plant foods and the potential of domestic agricultural production, thedisparity between the rate of growth of grain growing capacity and post-harvest processing technologies will requireoperational research and investment decisions for a long time. An important component of them is the improvement ofexisting and the introduction of innovative technologies to intensify the processes of post-harvest processing of grain.In the period of the formed balance of domestic volumes of production of grain with capacities of grain-harvestingenterprises of the post-Soviet period the dominant share of grain drying units were dryers of mine type. Such well-studieddryers during the half-century period of their operation, domestic scientists have improved if not all parameters, then almostall. And producers have thoroughly studied their features and ways to adapt to the needs of drying different cereals, differentpurposes. However, the last few decades have been marked by the intensive introduction of modular grain dryers. It is theshare of which already accounts for the dominant volumes of dehydration of grain harvested.Of the great variety of manufacturers of modular grain dryers, the most innovative are the American ones. Given thegreat interest in dryers of American production, the peculiarities of their technology and methods of leveling layer-by-layeruneven heat and mass transfer, solutions to reduce energy losses of working gases and layer-by-layer grain differences inmoisture content and temperature, methods of controlling the recovered heat -technological features and attention is paid inthis work.As part of the tasks, the authors tried to identify the most distinctive features of such modular dryers, to analyze thedesign, technological, aerodynamic and thermophysical features on the example of American grain dryers modular type newmodels 40FIDPX. The publication presents an analysis of innovative solutions to improve drying technology and features ofproduction operation of such dryers. The causes of heat-aerodynamic imbalance of modular dryers are established and thedecision on their elimination is given. The reasons for the reduction of the active surface of heat and mass transfer arerevealed and the ways of reducing the energy losses of the working gases and unproductive losses of the heat and masstransfer surface are substantiated.
- ДокументMODERNIZATION OF CORN GRAIN CRUSHER IN THE CONDITIONS OF IT-SYSTEM EQUIPMENT(2022) A. Aleksashin, G. Goncharuk, M. LisakCorn is widely used as a source of starch in the food, pharmaceutical, paper, mining and construction industries.This starch is usually obtained after the cleaning process, and corn germ, fiber and protein are also produced. It is used in theproduction of biodegradable plastic bags, medicines, paper, corrugated cardboard, detergents, paints, diapers, cosmetics,glue, surfactants and agrochemicals. Corn is the most important grain in the world. After all, in addition to the highest consumptionof all grains, corn is also a universal product from which you can get fuel, electricity and household goods. Thismeans that by increasing the volume of corn processing, it is possible to go beyond the agricultural sector and create goodswith high added value. Growing corn for grain allows better use of agricultural machinery due to the later dates of sowingand harvesting. Valuable properties of corn cause its consistently high demand on the world market.Corn grain processing is part of the technological lines that are part of cereals. The main equipment that ensureshigh quality products are impact centrifugal crushers.Analysis of the operation of the impact-centrifugal crusher revealed the possibility of its operation in a wide range ofchanges in design parameters. The oretical aspects of the dependences of crusher productivity, which basically take its designparameters and modes, include: rotational speed of grinding discs, disc diameter, disc tooth length, thickness, and propertiesand parameters of grain material.As a result of the conducted researches the possibility of increase of qualitative characteristics of the processedproducts, and also productivity of the shock-centrifugal crusher is defined.To increase productivity, it is proposed to implement two options. On the one hand to make the rotational speed ofthe adjustable working body, on the other hand to increase the sizes of diameters of working disks, taking into account a designof the crusher for corn grain, having provided productivity of the crusher.The purpose of this work is to increase the efficiency of the grain crusher, which is part of the preparation of grainfor grinding, to ensure the reliability of the machine, its productivity, improve the quality of finished products by implementingautomation based on SMART-technology, defined as self-control technology and reporting. This technology provideslong-term archiving of the received data that allows the dispatcher to watch work of the corresponding equipment, reactingby means of the IT- service program.
- ДокументПРОБІОТИЧНІ КОРМОВІ ДОБАВКИ В ГОДІВЛІ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ ТВАРИН(2022) О. М. Кананихіна, Б. В. Єгоров, Т. М. ТурпуроваУ статті наведено сучасну класифікацію кормових добавок за видами тварин (для свиней, ВРХ, пти-ці); функціональністю (технологічні, смакові, харчові, зоотехнічні, комбіновані); структурі (монокомпонентні,дикомпонентні, трикомпонентні, полікомпонентні, мультикомпонентні); походженням (протеїнові, енергетичні, мінеральні, вітамінні, антибіотики, ферментні препарати, пробіотики, пребіотики, підкислювачі, інгі-бітори плісені та адсорбенти токсинів, комбіновані добавки).Останнім часом в раціоні сільськогосподарських тварин використовуються численні кормові добавки,використання яких не завжди позитивно впливає на якість продукції. Серед кормових добавок природного по-ходження широкого поширення набули пробіотичні добавки. Пробіотики – препарати біологічної дії на основікорисних мікроорганізмів або їх метаболітів, які не завдають шкоди організму тварин і дозволяють вироблятибезпечні харчові продукти. Основний механізм дії пробіотиків полягає у нормалізації складу мікробіоти шлун-ково-кишкового тракту, пробіотичні мікроорганізми також продукують біологічно активні речовини, в томучислі амінокислоти.Представлено класифікацію пробіотиків за поколіннями в залежності від використаних штамів мік-роорганізмів, комбінацій та лікувально-профілактичної дії. В даний час на ринку пробіотиків затребувані ком-біновані препарати. Штами бактерій, що входять в комплексний пробіотик об’єднуються за здатністю про-дукувати різні ферменти, біологічно активні речовини так, щоб вони доповнювали один одного за біологічноюактивністю. Крім того, для отримання нових полікомпонентних біологічно активних препаратів комбінуютькомплекси пробіотиків з пребіотичними препаратами.Проаналізовано пробіотичні продукти – імунобактерин-D, БПС-44, І-Сак, Целобактерин, Лева-бон®Румен Е, «Yea-Sacc1026», «Biomate Plus», Biosprint®, EnzActive, які виготовляє сучасна промисловість, тавикористання їх в годівлі сільськогосподарських тварин та пиці.
- ДокументSTUDY OF PROPERTIES OF WHEAT GRAIN PROCESSED BY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD FOR DIFFERENT PURPOSES USE(2022) Ю. В. Ковра, Г. М. Станкевич, А. В. БортаThe results of studies of the influence of the electromagnetic field (EMF) and the duration of wheat grain storage of varietiesGuzel, Arista, Obrana and Shestopalivka on their technological and seed quality properties are presented. Grain processing was carried out by EMF with frequencies of 10...30 Hz with a magnetic induction of 10 mT for 6 minutes.It is shown that the processing of wheat grain with EMF increased the content of raw gluten by 1.0...3.2% for the Gyuzel variety and by 1.0...2.6% for the Obrana variety. For variety Arista, the content of crude gluten increased by 1.0% only when treated with EMF at a frequency of 16 Hz, and at other frequencies it decreased within the error. For these varieties of wheat, EMF treatment with a frequency of 16 Hz increases the amount of crude fiber, depending on the variety, by 1.0...3.2%, which increases the class of grain. However, grain processing with a frequency of 16 Hz reduces the quality of gluten in the Guzel and Arista varieties, and it passes from the 1st to the 2nd quality group.When storing wheat grain treated with EMF for about 8 months, the sedimentation index, which comprehensively characterizes the strength of flour, increases by 3 ml (by 4.6%) compared to the control only at a frequency of 16 Hz at a storage temperature of 9 °C and a relative humidity of 82%, and after storage for almost 14 months, it grows by 2 ml (by 3.1%). An increase in the sedimentation index by 6...9 ml (by 10.7...16.1%) was noted when processing grain with EMF frequencies of 10...30 Hz during storage for about 14 months at a temperature of 9 °C and a relative humidity of 33%. Under other storage conditions and EMF processing frequencies, the sedimentation index may not change or decrease to 13 ml (up to 20.0%), which indicates a deterioration in the quality of gluten.Studies of the falling number (FN) of wheat samples of varieties Guzel, Arista, Obrana and Shestopalivka showed that their EMF treatment changes the FN indicator only within acceptable deviations. The exception was a grain sample of the Shestopalivka variety treated with EMF at a frequency of 30 Hz. After its storage for 12.8 months at a temperature of 23 °C and a relative humidity of 35%, the FN index decreased by 52 seconds compared to the control.In samples of wheat varieties Guzel and Arista with a low initial after EMF treatment, germination decreased by 1.06...1.71 times compared with the control. In the wheat variety Obrana with an initial germination of 80% EMF treatment increased the germination rates. The greatest effect was obtained by processing grain with an EMF frequency of 10 Hz, at which the similarity increased by 14%, reaching 94%. An increase in the EMF frequency to 16, 24, and 30 Hz led to an increase in similarity by 9, 8, and 4%, respectively.The vitreousness of the wheat of the Shestopalivka variety treated with EMF after its storage for 9…13 months in 58% of the samples decreased by 1…17% compared to the control, and only in 29% of the samples it increased by 1…8%. However, 67% of all vitreous changes are below the margin of error. A steady decrease in grain vitreousness by 2...12% at a frequency of 10...30 Hz was noted, which persisted for about 12.5 months at a relative humidity of 33% and a temperature in the range of 9...23 °C.Significant increase in vitreousness was observed only in grain treated at a frequency of 16 Hz, after storage for 9.2 months at a relative humidity of 35% and a temperature of 23 °C.