Зернові продукти і комбікорми (Grain products and mixed fodder`s)

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AGGREGATED COMPLEXES FOR RICE GRAIN PROCESSING
(2020) V. Petrov, A. Zhdanov, R. Mazej
The paper considers various designs of aggregated complexes for the processing of rice grain. Their technological schemes were built and analyzed, and a breakdown into modules was performed. This allowed us to group the various designs of units and summarize their technological capabilities. The general reduced technological scheme of rice grain processing is considered. The noted variations are as far as practical applications with and without a grain cleaning module. Various schemes of hulling of grain and selection of hulled grain from unlulled are presented. The technological schemes with various hulling machines are analyzed (the Engleberg hulling machine, with rubberized rolls, centrifugal action), which have their own characteristics. The differences in the use of paddy machines and trimers for sorting grain after hulling are considered. The cylindrical trieurs used to select the rice kernel have an original technological scheme (company Yanmar). This allows you to simplify technological communications and make the unit more compact. The units use more compact paddy machines (reduced size, number of tiers, etc.), which, of course, affects their performance. The most common combined machine with a single-pass technological scheme (which was named after the first inventor and manufacturer, a hulling machine from Satake) is considered. In addition to laboratory equipment, centrifugal hulling machines are used in grain processing units, which gives additional advantages (a more compact scheme, due to the combination of several technological operations, hulling, transporting the grain stream, and air separation. For the majority of broken and unbroken grains sieve separators are used for simple circuits. Separators with vertical rotation axis, that allows to transport the rice to a predetermined height. This makes it possible to link this separator, for example with electronic scales.
ANALYSIS OF THE POULTRY MEAT MARKET AND JUSTIFICATION OF EXPANDING ITS RANGE
(2023) A. Makarynska, N. Vorona
Based on marketing research, it has been proven that a third of consumers in the world prefer poultry meat. It is established that the investment attractiveness of the poultry business, the construction of modern large poultry farms and the creation of powerful vertically integrated companies are due to the speed of return on capital investments and the high profitability of the industry. In order to determine the position of Ukraine on the world market, the rating of 45 countries by the level of consumption and production of poultry meat in 2021 was summarized. The traditional leaders in the production and consumption of meat products are the USA, Brazil and China. Ukraine ranks 21st in terms of production and 23rd in consumption of poultry meat. Most countries have a hortage of meat products and can be potential buyers of Ukrainian meat. Ukraine has all the opportunities and prospects for expanding the export of its own products. It is justified that duck farming is one of the modern dynamic areas of poultry farming and a competitive type of agribusiness, as evidenced by its dynamic development. The perspective and dynamism of this poultry farming area is determined by the high fertility and precociousness of poultry. Duck meat markets are not monopolized by large industrial players, which makes it possible to diversify business and avoid excessive competitive pressure. Export opportunities of niche meat producers to EU countries are significantly inferior in terms of volumes to traditional chicken meat, but this market is distinguished by its ability to pay. Ukraine is one of the largest producers of duck meat in Europe. On a global scale, the duck market is 5% of the chicken market. The low level of duck meat production in the world (except Asia) is explained by the seasonality of consumption. The priority task of the development of duck farming in Ukraine is the protection of the domestic market and the development of the export of products to world markets. Industrial production of duck meat in Ukraine should focus on export to Asian and European countries, where this product is in greater demand than at home. It is established that with proper organization the business of raising ducks is economically feasible and practically waste-free. The main products of production are meat, eggs, down and feathers, droppings and duck liver.
ANALYSIS OF THE QUALITY OF FLOUR FROM DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF A FLOUR MILL
(2019) D. ZHYGYNOV, V. KOVALOVA, A. DRAGOMYR, H. ZHYHUNOVA, К. ZHANABAYEVA
Research in the article is aimed to determining the quality of flour from different systems of the technological process of a wheat milling. Samples of flour were obtained at the mill "Rivne Boroshno". Private enterprise "Rivne Boroshno" is one of the largest producers of wheat flour in the western region with a capacity of 180 tons /day. Flour obtained from various systems of milling process, has a very large variety of quality indicators. Whiteness, Gluten Deformation Index, Gluten Content, Protein Content, Ash Content, Water Absorbing Capacity, FN, SD, the rheological properties of dough on the Mixolab device, as well as the quality of baked bread have been evaluated.During the study, the variability of flour quality indicators on various systems was found. Whiteness varied – from 1 to 71 units, Gluten Deformation Index – from 40 to 100 units, Gluten Content – from 2 to 36 %, Protein Content – from 9,8 to 18,2 %, the FN – from 275 to 374 s, SD – from 15 to 30,3 UCD, Ash Content – from 0,31 to 2,23 %, Water Absorbing Capacity – from 53,5 to69,7 %. In the process of grinding grain and intermediate products, more than twenty flour streams of different quality are producedat the flour mill. From these streams it is required to receive only one or several grades of flour. Naturally, if only one variety is produced, then all flows from different systems are sent to it. The weighted average quality indicators of flour should comply with the requirements of the standard for this grade in terms of Ash Content, Gluten Content, etc.The maximum Ash Content is observed in the streams from the last reduction systems, as well as from break systems in the milling process, where products with a large number of brans are milled. At the same time, the flour from the central parts of the endosperm is slightly less gluten, but more starch than in the flour from the peripheral parts of the endosperm, which are grinding on subsequent reduction systems. For the research, samples of flour were taken from each system of the technological process. For convenience, we have arranged them for quality using the indicator of whiteness. One of the main indicators of the quality of flour, which determines its grade, is whiteness. In the studied samples, the values of the whiteness index range from 71 to 1 unit.
APPLICATION OF PROCESSING PRODUCTS OF VEGETABLE RAW MATERIAL IN MARSHMALLOW PRODUCTION
(2022) L Gordiienko, V Tolstykh, S Pavlovsky
The article examines the main trends in obtaining new types of confectionery products with a balanced composition and functional properties, the production of which is based on the use of a product of plant raw materials processing - carob. Studies on increasing the nutritional value and reducing the energy intensity of marshmallow-type whipped products with the use of carob and the sugar substitute isomalt are given. Information on the functional properties of carob, the effect of the roasting process on its quality indicators, and the possibility of using carob in the production of confectionery products to expand the range of raw ingredients and increase their nutritional value were considered. A comparative description of the nutritional and energy value of medium-roasted carob and cocoa powder is given. The article examines the influence of the product of the processing of plant raw materials of carob on the nature of the formation of the structure of marshmallow masses of reduced energy content, and their main structural-mechanical, physico-chemical and organoleptic indicators are determined. Based on the determination of the structural and mechanical properties of marshmallow masses, such as critical shear stress, degree of general deformation and density of the mass, it is proposed to reduce the duration of their whipping by increasing the rate of structure formation of the mass when using carob powder, so the complete replacement of cocoa powder with carob leads to an increase critical shear stress by 51.83 Pa and an increase in mass density by 171 kg/m3 compared to the control sample. As a result of a complex of conducted studies of physico-chemical and organoleptic quality indicators, the expediency of using the product of the processing of plant raw materials of carob in reduced-energy marshmallow products with 75% isomalt has been proven, it is recommended to completely replace cocoa powder with carob at the stage of whipping the mass. The calculated nutritional and energy value of the new marshmallow products showed a decrease in the total content of fats and carbohydrates in the developed products, an increase in the content of vegetable dietary fibers by 28% and a decrease in the energy value by 55.65 kcal. Enrichment of marshmallow products with minerals, in particular calcium, sodium and vitamins B6 and E, was noted.
ASPECT OF MINIMIZATION AREAS OF «HUMAN FACTOR» IN LABOR SAFETY
(2019) A. BOCHKOVSKYI, N. SAPOZHNIKOVA
The article analyzes well-known semantic interpretations of the term "human factor" in the context of the evolutionary development of the safety component in "man-machine-environment" systems. It has been ascertained that single, recognized by law term "human factor" still does not exists, but the majority of researchers attribute this phenomenon to the human psycho-physiological reaction to changes in the environment. It is noted that this approach is erroneous because the manifestations of "human factor" at the individual level of each person should be considered in the context of the features of its three main components - biological, social and informational. The trends of the evolutionary development of the technosphere and the analysis of statistical data on occupational accidents, as well as industrial breakdowns and disasters, prove the need to introduce positive changes at the level of the "human factor" components. First of all, it concerns the information component, as the development of technologies over the past decade is far ahead of the level of training in the field of occupational safety, which does not allow maintaining the required level of occupational safety and labor culture in the conditions of a new range of previously unknown hazardous and harmful production factors. It was emphasized that necessary positive changes in the components of the "human factor" should be implemented as a part of the concept of sustainable humanity development, which provides for the development of three interrelated areas: economic, social and spiritual growth of society. Thus, basic directions that will minimize the negative effects of the "human factor" within functioning of the future complex systems "man machine-environment", are to increase the level of motivation for safe human behavior at production facilities and to form safety priorities over economic outcomes of enterprise’s activity. The possibility to implement such directions directly depends on the implementation of the relevant reforms in the system of secondary, vocational and higher education, as well as occupational safety and industrial safety regulatory framework in Ukraine.
ASSESSMENT OF HIGH-PROTEIN QUALITY FEED ADDITIVES FROM BY-PRODUCTS MANUFACTURE OF SUNFLOWER OIL
(2023) B. Iegorov, O. Kananykhina, T. Turpurova
The article states that until 2022, Ukraine will occupy the first place in the world food market in the production of sunflower, sunflower oil and export of sunflower oil. The production of sunflower has always been sufficiently profitable, and the products of its processing competitive on the domestic and world markets. They are also an important component of food and feed protein resources. The production of complete ration compound feed for farm animals and poultry is restrained by a shortage of protein components, a low level of sanitary and hygienic safety of protein raw materials of animal origin. This leads to a decrease in the efficiency of feed, their costs and, as it should be, a shortage of livestock products. Cake and meal are high-protein raw materials, which are obtained in the amount of 1/3 of the mass of processed seeds during the production of sunflower oil. The fodder value of sunflower cake and meal is given. Factors that negatively affect the nutritional value and availability of nutrients of sunflower meal in the feed of farm animals and poultry were analyzed. The choice of components for the production of high-protein feed additive is theoretically justified. The indicators of the quality of sunflower seeds and by-products of their processing, which meet the requirements of DSTU, have been determined. On the basis of theoretical and experimental data, a structural scheme for the production of a high-protein feed supplement based on sunflower cake and meal is proposed, which involves the preliminary preparation of the by-products of sunflower oil production - cake and meal, with the following dosage in the amount: 75% sunflower meal, 10% sunflower cake and 15% limestone flour. The physical properties and microbiological indicators of the quality of a highprotein feed additive were experimentally determined, and it was determined that, compared to a loose, granular high-protein feed additive, it has the following advantages: increased nutritional value, has a greater volumetric weight, sanitary quality, which leads to saving space during transportation and better storage.
ASSESSMENT OF THE NEEDS AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF PREMIXES, PROTEIN AND VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS AND MIXED FODDER’S
(2021) N. Basiurkina, B. Iegorov, A. Makarynska
The article presents statistics on the number of pigs and poultry in Ukraine and Odessa region for 1990-2019 and the results of the calculation of needs for premixes and protein-vitamin supplements (PVS) in Ukraine, and in particular, in Odessa region, the average increase and volumes of compound feed consumption. The main purpose of the calculation is to determine the production potential of premixes and compound feeds in Ukraine and in the region, the cost of compound feeds in poultry farming using different types of premixes and PVS.According to the Main Department of Statistics in Odesa Oblast, the number of pigs has decreased over the past five years, and the number of poultry has increased by 7.3%.The calculation of the need for premixes and PVS is determined by the volume of feed production, the need for which depends on the number of livestock and poultry, data on their average growth and consumption of feed.The method of calculating the number of pigs and poultry (forecast) depending on the needs of the population in livestock food, as well as the results of the forecast of the number of pigs and chickens in Ukraine and Odessa region for 2020-2023, which amounted to 5702, 0 and 173.0 thousand goals, 224.8 and 3.3 million goals, respectively.The calculations taking into account the export-import potential of raw materials showed that in the Odessa region there is a shortage of capacity, namely: P mf forecast = 104819.6 thousand tons.  0, P mf forecast ≥ M year, ie 104819.6  9000.0 thousand tons, so in the Odessa region should provide a feed mill with a capacity of 15 thousand tons per shift in two shifts is appropriate and reasonable. The potential of production and sale of compound feeds in the Odessa region, which is up to 8500 thousand tons of feed, 85 thousand tons of premixes and 2430 thousand tons of PVS, calculated the main producers and consumers of feed products.The estimated economic efficiency of the use of feed enriched with complex premixes, as a result of which it is possible to reduce the cost of obtaining 10 eggs to 280 million UAH. per year, and in the fattening of suckling piglets - zeko-nomity in the production of pork up to 3.15 million UAH.
AUTOMATION OF TRACEABILITY PROCESS AT GRAIN TERMINAL LLC “ UKRTRANSAGRO"
(2017) F. A. TRISHYN
BLACK WHEAT BRAN AS A PROMISING SOURCE OF FOOD FIBRES WITH AN EXPANDED SPECTRUM OF FUNCTIONALITIES
(2021) N. Cherno, L. Gural, O. Naidonov
Modern requirements of nutritiology determine the enrichment of a person’s daily diet with food fibres. Dietary supplements and cereal-based ingredients are widely used to achieve this goal. Wheat as a food crop traditionally occupies a leading position in food production. Currently, new varieties of wheat with colored grains are being given increasing attention as a source of high-activity phytochemical compounds, which can initiate a positive synergistic physiological effect in the complex. The black-grain wheat of the domestic variety "Chornobrova" belongs to the functional species among the new valuable colored varieties of wheat. It contains an increased amount of biologically active components concentrated in the husk and germ of the grain. At grain processing plants by-products are formed in the production of flour and cereals, among which the hard shells of grain release in the form of bran, that have a rich source of dietary fibres. The paper describes the breaking bran and grinding bran of black-grained wheat "Chornobrova". They contain up to 78.0% of polysaccharides, among which hemicelluloses and cellulose predominate. Both types of black wheat bran are protein-rich (13.0-15.3%), and the crude fat content does not exceed 2.1%. The non-hydrolyzed residue, represented primarily by lignin, reaches 3.8%. Bran is rich in phenolic compounds – powerful antioxidants with the mass fraction 310.0 mg/100 g. Both types of bran have a water retention and sorption capacity towards toxicants (phenol, Pb2+), cholic acid, methylene blue. As a result of acid treatment of bran, dietary fibre concentrates were obtained, in which non-starch polysaccharides predominate. They are characterized by modified physicochemical properties, namely improved water holding capacity, sorption activity against Pb2+, not inferior to bran in terms of the ability to bind cholic acids and methylene blue. "Chornobrova" wheat bran and dietary fibre concentrates are highly active enterosorbents with antioxidant activity, which can be considered as dietary supplements and food ingredients that should be included in recipes in the development of new functional foods.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF THE NEW CITRUS POMACE FEED ADDITIVE
(2021) O. Karunskyi, G. I. Kotets, M. M. Madani
The materials of the article present data on research on the chemical, mineral-vitamin composition and nutritional value of a new feed additive from citrus pomace. The article presents the results of research on the technological line of granulation of citrus waste, established the optimal composition for granulation of citrus feed additives: sunflower meal - 20%, molasses - 5% and 75% of citrus fruits.Their chemical composition was studied, the gross content of proteins, fats, assimilated carbohydrates, including simple sugars, was determined, and the efficiency of use in the diets of farm animals was determined. The positive influence of citrus waste granulation technology has been established, which allows to obtain high-quality granules. Chemical analysis of citrus granules showed that 100 g contains: protein - 6.15 g, fat - 0.99 g, carbohydrates - 21.8 g, of which simple sugars 14 g, the energy value of this feed additive - Kcal (kJ) - 120.7 (505.7).The possibility of preparation of feed additives in the form of granules is revealed, which allows to avoid selfsorting of components and overdose of microelements and to improve the consumption of feed ingredients. The ability to prepare feed additives in the form of granules avoids self-sorting of components and overdose of micronutrients and improve the consumption of feed ingredients. The results of zootechnical researches, structure and nutritional value of average daily rations with use of citrus pomace are resulted.It was found that the introduction into the diet of dairy cows feed additives from citrus pomace during stable lactation increases the average daily expectations by 1.8 kg or 15.5%, feed costs for milk production containing 4 fat were 0.97-0, 98 feed units. When using a feed additive from citrus pomace, the nutritional value of the diet is improved due to the ratio of sugar - protein (0.62: 1 vs. 0.8: 1.2).
CHLORELLA SUSPENSION AND ITS USAGE IN FINISHING PIGS’ RATIONS
(2019) O. KARUNKYI, T. REZNIK, Ye KULIDZHANOV
The animal husbandry cannot develop successfully without complete balanced feed and optimal forage supply. This article deals with the chemical composition of chlorella suspension. The ration is balanced with seaweeds as well as premixes, vitamins and bio supplement for the last decades. These seaweeds include chlorella - a representative of green microscopic algae. The use of chlorella allows for multi-factor balancing of the diet in accordance with modern feeding standards, which increases the productive effect of feed and significantly increases the transformation of nutrients into livestock products. This is arelevant issue of modern animal husbandry. The chlorella suspension was material for scientific research. It was made on the farm “In Samvel”, Ovidiopol District. According to the result of researches that took place on the farm " In Samvel", Biliayevka District, Odessa Oblast and SERF "Yuzhnyi" OSAGES NAAS, new data concerning chemical composition, the positive influence of investigated chlorella suspension on the growth and development of finishing pigs as well as feed costs by 1 kg of growth were obtained. It has been established that the chemical composition of chlorella suspension takes a special place among all feed additives used in farm animals feeding. It has been established that the additional use of chlorella suspension in the ration of finishing pigs of Large White breeds contribute to the increase of average daily gains by 121.9% against the control group in which chlorella suspensions was not given. Feed conversion to obtain1 kg of pigs live weight gain in the control group was 5.1 kg, in the experimental group - 4.2 kg and feed conversion index in the experimental group was higher by 21.4%. Thus the results of researches indicate the positive effect of investigated chlorella suspension on the growth anddevelopment of finishing pigs. Due to the obtained results, we can state that the chemical composition of the suspension chlorella takes a special place among all feed additives used in farm animals feeding. Chlorella has higher indicators of chemical composition, the amount of protein, vitamins and minerals in comparison with plant fodder and crops of agricultural production.
CLARIFICATION OF THE METHODS USED FOR CALCULATING POWER OF SIEVE SEPARATORS
(2019) L. S. SOLDATENKO, O. V. HORNISHNYI
Calculation of sieve separators power is usually done during their development. The goal of such calculations is to determine the power of driven electric motors. The imperfection of existing methods for calculating power of some types of sieve separators makes developers to use indicative methods to determine the gear power. For example, it is done using the method of specific energy consumption or the comparison method with parameters of similar equipment. These methods provide only indicative results, that is why the power of the installed electric motors sometimes even exceeds the needed one, so in such way it worsens technical and economic factors of the equipment. The methods for calculating power of flat-sieve separators moving progressive and invers or circular progressive have clearly determined sense and consider all energy consumptions of separators’ engine. The goal of the calculation of technological equipment and sieve separators in particular is to define the power of the electric motors. The imperfection of existing methods for calculating power leads to use in some machines of high power engines which selection is based on indicative calculations, for example, using a method of specific energy consumption or comparing with analogues. As the calculating methods depend on the law of working parts movement and their engine each example considered separately. In the calculation of the power of separators with flat sieve which are moving oscillatory the effective power required by the engine of sieve bodies equal to the sum of the average power required to drive the oscillatory moving mass; the average power that is needed for product overclocking; the average power required to overcome the friction force of the product in the sieve; the average power used to deform the suspension; the average power need to overcome the drag of the air environment. The current value of the power which is need to drive the oscillatory construction elements is determined considering the total value of oscillatory bodies mass; the weight and the amount of sieve bodies; the product weight on the bodies sieves; the weight of the oscillator; the frame weight. During a circular progressive movement of sieve bodies the power which is need to overclock the product mass on the sieve which are moving reciprocally is almost equal to zero, because the product is moving with stops during the all-time being on the sieve. This also refers to the movement of the product on the barrel sieves which are rotating, where parts change the direction of movement while they are slipping down and get accelerated again. The acceleration power in the separators with circled progressive motion of the sieves is equal to the kinetic energy of its circle oscillations. To provide the relative motion of the parts on the horizontal sieve surface which is making a circled progressive motion it is necessary that the difference between the centred inertial force and friction force to be more than zero.
CLASSIFICATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF FEED FOR DECORATIVE AND SINGING BIRDS
(2023) T. Bordun, I. Cherneha, T. Pashchenko
In the developed countries of the world, animal business is one of the most profitable and promising branches of production.Pet business includes the totality and interaction between enterprises engaged in the production and distribution of goods and services for pets, and consumers of these goods and services. The structure of pet business is represented by pet products, services, and animals, and pet products, in turn, by feed, medicines, care products, and accessories. The global pet food market size was valued at USD 94.76 billion in 2021 and is expected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.4 % from 2022 to 2030. Increasing consumer awareness regarding natural and organic pet food products has forced the manufacturers to shift their focus from synthetic to natural products which has acted as one of the major forces impacting the global market. In Ukraine, in 2017–2021, the category «Animals – pets and feed for them» in the structure of retail turnover occupied a share of 0.3 – 0.5 %. The volume of retail turnover during this period increased 3.4 times, from UAH 1,612.5 million in 2017 to UAH 5,468.6 million in 2021. In Ukraine, goods are classified according to the classifications DC 016-2010 «State Classifier of Products and Services» and DC 021:2015 «Unified Procurement Dictionary», as well as the Ukrainian classification of goods of foreign economic activity, which is the commodity nomenclature of the Customs Tariff of Ukraine. According to the current classifiers, separate groups of goods directly related to goods for pets (dogs, cats, etc.) are provided only for feed and brushes for animal care. Yes, according to DK 016-2010, ready pet food has the code 10.92.10-00.00 and according to DK 021:2015 – 15713000-9 and does not have further details. Today, the owners of decorative and singing birds have a relatively wide range of ready-made feeds at their disposal. Analyzing the feed market for decorative and singing birds, we saw that a significant part of it is occupied by imported feeds, while the assortment of domestic feeds on the Ukrainian market is not large and does not always meet market requirements and cannot withstand competition. However, it is difficult to call the presented feeds complete, since they are mainly different types of feed mixtures, which include, depending on the price category, different types of components: starting with cereals and ending with various nuts, dried fruits, etc. Ready-made feeds in combination with a correctly selected feeding regime strengthen the health of birds, and also meet their expectations regarding taste qualities and the owner's expectations regarding the price and convenience of feeding. Careful observation of the appearance and behavior of birds allows you to establish the correct diet for your pet and determine his preferences for one or another type of feed. In order to understand the entire range of feeds offered on the market, it is necessary to study and systematize them. Based on the analysis of feeds presented on the market, we proposed a classification of feeds by types of poultry, purpose, price, form of release, physiological features and age, as well as by type of packaging. By bird species, feed is divided into three varieties: for singing birds, for decorative birds, and for parrots, which are a kind of hybrid of the first two species. For parrots, food can be distributed according to their size: for large, medium and small. According to their purpose, complete ration feeds and feed mixes, treats, and feeds fed for therapeutic purposes and for preventive purposes are distinguished. By price, fodder for decorative and singing birds is divided into three price categories: economy, business and premium classes. This is the formation of classes was developed based on the income of the population. Economy class includes consumers who can afford to buy food for their pets at a price of UAH 70 to 100 per kilogram, business class – UAH 101-250 /kg, premium class – consumers who can buy food for of their pets is higher than UAH 251 /kg. According to the form of release, there are molded fodder and loose fodder mixes. Formed – represented by a small amount of granulated and partially extruded feed. According to the physiological characteristics, feed can be divided into feed for the pre-nesting period, during the molting period, for birds, for adult birds at rest and for females during the feeding period. The type of fodder packaging is also of great importance: natural (cardboard), polymer and combined (based on cardboard and polyethylene).
COMPARISON OF ALVEOGRAPH CHARACTERISTIC OF FLOUR OBTAINED FROM DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMMON WHEAT AND SPELT WHEAT
(2020) D. Zhygunov, I. Toporash, Y. Barkovska, Y. Yehorshyn
Practice of processing of new types of wheat is widespread in the world, but it’s almost unknown in the CIS countries, because selection for many years aimed at obtaining exclusively high protein bread-baking varieties of wheat. But not known what technological properties of flour possesses from wheat types of a special intended purpose, and that it’s necessary to consider when conducting varietal grinding of such raw material. The alveograph measures the viscoelastic properties of wheat flour. According to the standard method ISO 27971 the amount of added water is initially calibrated directly as a percentage of dough moisture. This method is designed for standard types of flour and may not be suitable for evaluating the rheological properties of flour with different water absorption capacity. To find out the properties of new types, standard methods may not be suitable, therefore, methods should be studied and adapted if necessary. To investigate the relationship between water absorption capacity and viscoelastic properties of the dough, alveograph tests were conducted on eight flour samples obtained from different types of wheat. The studies were performed using a standard test (calculated for WAC of flour = 53%) and a test with adaptive moistening, for which the amount of added water was calculated according to the water absorption capacity (WAC) of the flour, which was determined on mixolab. Flour from common red wheat (Kuyalnik) is the benchmark of common bakery wheat and according to the results of standard alveogram has the highest strength (W) and elasticity (Ie) of all samples. The wheat with W= 43910-4J corresponds to strong wheat (W>20010-4J). The addition of water in accordance with the WAC softens the dough W=26010-4J, but it`s still optimal for bakery purposes. The results of studies of common black wheat (Chornobrova) correlate with the results of wheat Kuyalnik, but the baking properties were worse. For waxy wheat (Sofiika), the test on the alveograph with adaptive moistening gave her more water, which led to an increase in elasticity (Ie=52.4%) and extensibility (L=77 mm) and became closer to an optimal P/L ratio (0.74) that was more suitable for the bake bread (0.8-1.2). Flour from soft wheat is expected to have average baking properties (W>15510-4J), but in all respects it is slightly better than Chornobrova. Adaptive moistening, unlike the sharp deterioration of rheological characteristic of Chornobrova, does not alter the properties of the Belyava and Oksana dough, due to the low WAC value (53.8% and 54.0%). Spelt wheat flour has low strength(W<6210-4J), lower P/L ratio 0.25-0.50 and unsuitable (fluid, sticky) test consistency. All samples of Spelt with adaptive moistening showed similar result – its decrease of P indicator and increase of extensibility (L). In a result we observe decrease of P/L ratio to 0.18-0.29, thus indicating extremely extensible doughs with very little elasticity. For all samples, with adaptive moistening a decrease in resistance to extension (P) and an increase in extensibility (L) are observed, in a result of the decline in the P/L ratio. Adaptive moistening for common wheat (Kuyalnik) will show the change in P and L and the P/L ratio in real cooking conditions, since the standard alveograph test assesses only the potential of wheat. By adjusting the amount of water, we can achieve optimal dough characteristics for different products. For soft and spelt wheat, adaptive moistening is not necessary, because the WAC and moisture content are the same, and according to the standard of the experiment. It is advisable to carry out an alveograph test with adapted moistening for waxy wheat, that giving it more water, which leads to an increase in elasticity and extensibility, as a consequence, and leading to an optimal P/L ratio that was more suitable for the bake bread (0.8-1.2). Based on its special application, it is necessary to develop specific recommendations for determining its properties on the alveograph.
CONDITION AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF COMPOUND FEED PRODUCTION FOR SALMONIDAE
(2020) B. Iegorov, L. Fihurska, O. Tsiundyk, Y. Morozovska
The article considers the benefits of growing salmon fish in ponds, pools, cages, as well as in lakes and reservoirs in comparison with natural conditions. The main countries producing salmon fish in the world are analyzed. The share in gross production in the world is about 48 %, and in Ukraine is about 7 %. The quality and nutritional value of salmon fish is confirmed by the high market price. The main countries producing salmon fish in the world are analyzed. The share in gross production in the world is about 48%, and in Ukraine it is about 7%. The quality and nutritional value of salmon fish is confirmed by the high market price. The relevance of salmon fish breeding is substantiated, it allows for a relatively short period of time (up to 2 years) to obtain fish with a market weight of up to 3.0 kg The state of salmon cultivation in Ukraine is considered, about 1,500 tons of salmon are marketed annually. The need for the production of compound feeds for salmon fish in relation to natural feed is substantiated. Compound feed expenses per 1 kg of salmon fish mass increase in relation to wild fish feed expenses are presented. The need for salmon fishes for nutrients and biologically active substances for the manufacture of nutritious compound feeds, due to the production of high quality salmon, is presented. The types of compound feeds, their advantages and saving of feeding are presented. Technological methods for the production of compound feeds for salmon fish are analyzed, such as dry or wet granulation, extrusion, briquetting, compound feed production by knurling, microencapsulation of granules and paste-like compound feeds. Ready-made feed should be balanced, waterresistant, have reduced fragility, feed costs for fish growth should be minimal and have increased fish productivity. All types of feed should be completely eaten by fish, absorbed as much as possible, not secrete dyes, not lead to liver obesity, provide fish with a balanced amount of nutritious and biologically active substances. The state of domestic feed mills for the production of high-quality feed for salmon fish is analyzed. Because of it, in order to the advent of new recipes and methods of feeding, the technology for the production of animal feed for these fish species is being improved.
DESIGN OF MULTICOMPONENT EXTRUDED FOOD PRODUCTS WITH SPECIFIED FEATURES
(2019) N. Dzyuba, O. Bunyak
In recent years Ukraine has seen a growth in the consumption of cereal products. Wide demand from the population are rice, buckwheat, oat, corn cereals and derived cereal products, and grain products fast food or ready-to-eat (cereals, extruded cereals, expanded snacks, cereals, etc.). One of the most promising areas of research in the field of healthy nutrition is to develop products that have a multicomponent structure, including main raw materials and various nutrients, including to provide specified properties. The creation of such products is relevant, because due to the multi-component composition is achieved provide thehuman body the important nutrients in required amount. The nutrition of a modern person includes a variety of products, including complex prescription composition, and determines the appearance and development of the direction - "design" of complex multicomponent food products with desired properties In the article, the authors developed the formulations of extruded multicomponent products. In developing the composition for the production of extruded corn products, considerable attention was paid to the nutrient composition of the raw material, its change during processing and balance. A study of the nutritional value of extrudates developed and manufactured in laboratory conditions was carried out. The formulation of extruded cereal products was optimized. To determine the optimal shelf life of the developed extrudates, microbiological studies were carried out and an organoleptic assessment of the quality of the obtained products was carried out.When designing recipes, we used the linear programming method, which allowed us to obtain a product with high nutritional value, the necessary content of biologically active substances and good organoleptic properties. According to the research results, it is recommended that storage period up to 6 months at a temperature of (18 ± 20) оC and relative humidity not more than 75% in polypropylene package.
DETERMINATION OF MEAT PRODUCTIVITY OF «BLAGOVARSKY» CROSS DUCKS
(2021) D. Terzeman, O. Karunskyi
Feeding is the main condition for high productivity of ducks. It provides the need for metabolizable energy and nutrients according to modern standards. Ducks have an increased need for arginine, histidine, tryptophan, glycine, threonine and valine, therefore much attention is paid to the amino acid composition of feed in normalizing feeding. It is also important to consider the level of digestibility of the proposed feed. The feed nutrients digestibility depends on various factors and therefore varies considerably.Optimal ratios of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc. in the diet contribute to a high level of digestibility. The level of fiber and protein significantly affects the digestibility of nutrients in the feed. Increasing the amount of fiber (especially rich in lignin) reduces the digestibility of fiber and other nutrients. Essential influence on the nutrients digestibility is caused by the available protein content in the feed and its ratio with carbohydrates and fats. In this regard, the protein ratio of feed is determined. The protein ratio shows how many parts of digested nitrogen-free nutrients account for each part of digested protein.In addition, the feed preparation for feeding has a positive effect on their digestibility (moisturizing, enriching, grinding, steaming and others). The nutrients digestibility is also affected by different levels of macro-, micronutrients and vitamins in the feed. Increasing the feed nutrients digestibility is an important factor in reducing their costs, the cost of livestock products and improving the economic efficiency of the industry. Young ducks are characterized by precocity and high growth rate. At the age of 7 weeks, the live weight of hybrid young ducks is 3.2 – 3.4 kg, and during this period the initial weight increases more than 60 times at a feed consumption per 1 kg gain of 2.8 - 3.0 kg and average daily gain 64 - 68 g.The positive effect of the use of the developed vitamin-mineral premix in the compound feed composition on the meat productivity of “Blagovarsky” cross ducks has been determined. It was determined that from the third week of growing the live weight of young ducks of the experimental group was higher of analogues of the control group for 3,2 %. Analysis the main indicators of young ducks productivity showed that the bird of the experimental group exceeded analogues in the following periods of growth: 0 - 7 days, 15 - 21 days, 29 - 35 days, 36 - 42 days, 43 - 49 days.Survival rate of young ducks was at a high level in the range of 97 – 99.5 % for the entire period of growing in both groups. Starting from the 4th week of growing, the survival rate decreased slightly in the control group and amounted to 99.1, which is 0,2 % less than in the experimental group. The increased concentration of premix in the compound feed for the young ducks of the experimental group help to improve their slaughter qualities in comparison with the control group.
DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF QUINO GRAIN - THE MAIN STAGES OF JUSTIFICATION OF STORAGE AND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021) L. Valevskaya, O. Sokolovskaya
The work is devoted to determining the physical and technological properties of quinoa grain. Quinoa is an unconventional crop for Ukraine, but experiments on its cultivation have been successfully completed in the Sumy region. Due to its unique chemical composition, quinoa is used in dietary and functional products.Quinoa contains about 20% protein, which makes it an excellent dietary supplement for people who do not eat animal products. The amino acid composition of quinoa proteins is very balanced and is characterized by a high content of such essential amino acids. Feature of the fatty acid composition of quinoa. it has a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including linolenic fatty acid and linoleic, which belongs to the acids ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids.Due to the growing popularity of quinoa and its suitability for cultivation in our climatic and soil conditions, it is important to develop the technology of its storage and processing. One of the main stages of substantiation of the choice of technology for storage and processing of quinoa grain is to determine its physical and technological properties.Physical and technological properties of grain mass are determined by a large number of indicators.Determination of physical and technological properties of quinoa grain was performed for three types of quinoa: red, black and white. In determining the physical and mechanical properties were used methods approved by the relevant standards, or used in research and recommended in the relevant literature.We have identified the following basic physical and technological properties: geometric characteristics, nature, weight of 1000 grains, duty cycle, packing density, air supply, angle of natural slope, coefficient of internal friction, coefficient of external friction. Numerical values of these indicators for each type of quinoa are determined.Knowledge of the physical and technological properties of the grain mass to solve a large number of applied problems that have practical significance. and play an important role in the processes of moistening, heating and cooling of grain. A thorough study of physical and technological properties can provide optimal conditions for storage of seeds without compromising their quality. The obtained data can be used for selection of modes of cleaning, drying and active ventilation.
DETERMINATION OF QUINO SEED SAMPLES
(2022) L. Valevskaya, O. Sokolovskaya, A. Iegorova
Quinoa is a promising crop due to its use in the food industry for the development of functional products. But there arevery few recommendations in the world literature and almost no practical experience in the storage and processing of quinoa seeds.The study of quinoa and its properties in Western countries, as well as the development of modern methods of organic production inSouth America have led to the fact that quinoa is rapidly gaining popularity as a healthy and healthy product rich in vitamins andminerals and gluten-free. This has caused a boom in production and exports in Latin America, which continues to this day.In Ukraine, quinoa has gained popularity in recent years, many Ukrainian cereal producers now include quinoa in theirrange. But so far, raw materials have been purchased abroad, primarily in Latin America.Grain quality is a set of properties and characteristics (organoleptic, biological, physicochemical, technological, consumer)that determine the suitability of grain for its intended use. The main indicators of quinoa grain quality of different types: white,red and black are determined in the work. The quality of the studied samples was determined by organoleptic, chemical and microbiologicalindicators.The results of the sensory analysis confirm the high results and the display of the grain of the cinoa by species.The acidity of the grain of kinoa is determined, and it is set according to the indicators of acidity, until the acidity of thegrain of kinoa is brought to good grain.The results of microbiological studies show that the highest content of bacteria was found in samples of red quinoa seeds.The analysis of the obtained results showed that the predominant component of the bacterial microflora of quinoa grain is the nonspore-forming bacillus Erwinia herbicola. Molds of the genus Aspergillus and Muccor were found in samples of white quinoa seeds,fungi of the genus Penicillium in samples of red quinoa seeds, and no molds were found in samples of red quinoa seeds. Microbiologicalstudy showed that all samples were free of both pathogenic and opportunistic pathogens.Organoleptic, chemical and microbiological indicators confirm the satisfactory quality of the studied quinoa grain samples
DETERMINATION OF THE INTERNAL POTENTIAL OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN COMPOUND FEED PRODUCTION
(2021) B. Iegorov, N. Khorenzhy
Grass flour is a unique protein-vitamin feed product, the role of which in animal feeding can hardly be overestimated. In 2010, the industry for the production of grass meal from alfalfa, for example, in Europe included 300 factories and 50 farms, which produced 4200 million tons of products. In Russia, the development of poultry and livestock farming has also increased the demand for this fodder and gradually restored its production. But in Ukraine, due to its high energy intensity, the production of herbal flour has almost ceased. It is shown that the fuel and energy balance of this technology that diesel fuel provides about 92.3% of all equipment needs for energy, and its cost is 90.8% of the total cost of all fuel and energy resources (FER). On the other hand, electricity accounts for only 7.7% of the total needs, and the costs of paying for it also serve 9.2% of the total costs of purchasing fuel and energy resources.The purpose of the work is to study the energy feasibility of using extrusion for dehydration of wet feed products during their complex processing in feed products. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: the selection and calculation of the necessary technological equipment for the principle technological scheme of the production of feed products with the inclusion of wet forage grasses was carried out; an energy audit of the basic (traditional) and new technologies for the production of compound feed products with the inclusion of forage grasses was carried out. Since the new technology is recommended to be implemented at feed mills of small capacity due to the proximity of raw materials, it must be able to process forage grasses in an amount no less than the basic technology for the production of grass meal. The minimum capacity of the ABM-type drying unit for cooking is 0.65 t/h for grass meal (2.7 t/h for raw materials). Thus, an energy audit of the basic (traditional) and new technology for the production of mixed feed products with the inclusion of forage grasses was carried out and proved that as a result of the use of the extrusion process for the purpose of dehydration, the new technology becomes more energy efficient in comparison with the traditional technology of drying forage grasses and further production of products with the inclusion of grass flour, which means it is economically feasible, since there is a total saving of fuel and energy resources of 875 MJ/t or - in the amount of 514.18 UAH (44%).

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