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Isolation of bioactive compounds from hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) by conventional and novel extraction techniques
(2022) Milošević, S.
Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a source of valuable bioactive compounds which is used as a highly valuable product in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Bioactive composition of hemp contributes to the prevention and treatment of some diseases, so it can be widely used in medicine. The main goal of this paper was to investigate the most convenient extraction approach for isolation of bioactive compounds (cannabinoids and phenols) from dry inflorescence of three hemp varieties. Modern extraction techniques were applied and compared with conventional techniques in order to obtain maximum yield. Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation (HD), microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MWHD) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Extracts from the primary raw material of hemp and SFE raffinate were processed by microwave-assisted extraction in order to isolate polyphenolic fraction. The obtained results showed that SFE provides the highest yield of hemp oil compared to HD and MWHD. The highest yield of lipid extract was obtained from variety Fedora 13 (14.01%), while the lowest yield was obtained from variety Marina (5.33%). The high content of phenols and flavonoids obtained from SFE raffinates indicates that the by-products of supercritical fluid extraction could be used as potential natural antioxidants.