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  • Документ
    THE CONCERNS OF WORKPLACE CERTIFICATION FOR WORKING CONDITIONS AT THE GRAIN PROCESSING ENTERPRISES
    (2019) O. O. FESENKO
    The article analyzes one of the opportunities for the enhancement of the efficiency of grain processing production - improvement of working conditions through the certification of the workplaces. Such action is the component of the sectorial program for development of a safety status, occupational health and the production environment, which is the task of each sectoral ministry. The grain processing branch of the agroindustrial complex demonstrates continuous and stable growth over the past decades. It creates additional workplaces, provides employment of the population, and preserves the labor resources of the country. However, the leading branch of agroindustrial complex has no sectorial program for improvement of safety status at the workplaces. As a result, the agroindustrial complex is the third largest in work-related incidents for last years. The reasons and circumstances of incidents are stated. The improvement of the situation is the certification of workplaces, which exercises the worker’s right to healthy and safe working conditions, benefits and compensation for work in adverse working conditions. The legal and regulatory framework for certification of workplaces, the composition of the certification committee, and the procedure for certification are given. The certification identifies the workplaces with the adverse working conditions, where it is necessary to take the first-priority measures for their improvement; the workplaces, production, jobs, professions and positions, for the employees of which it is proposed to establish benefits and compensations at the expense of the enterprise; confirms the right of employees to benefits and compensations stipulated by the legislation. The article deals with the adaptation of the European approach to the organization of monitoring of the influence of production factors on the safety and health of the person, which serves as the basis of new methodological recommendations for the certification of workplaces for working conditions. The list of jobs with heavy, harmful and dangerous work conditions at the grain processing enterprises is offered. The mistakes and disadvantages in the course of certification are stated. The employees of the food industry and agricultural processing sustain the occupational injuries due to labor process factors such as the severity and intensity of labor. In most cases, the causes of accidents (up to 80%) have organizationalarrangement nature, including failure to certificate the non workplaces for working conditions (or violation of the legislation on the certification of workplaces).
  • Документ
    SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF PRODUCTION OF MIXED FODDERS FOR SNAILS
    (2019) A. V. MAKARYNSKA, L. M. YARMAK, O. M. PIDDUBNYAK
    The article deals with the issues of modern snail breeding in Ukraine, problems and prospects for their cultivation. The main areas of use of snails are classified. With the proper cultivation of snails, the business is profitable, because meat and slime of snails are expensive, have a lot of useful qualities. The characteristic of the farms for the production of snails in Ukraine and the products of snails - snails, meat, caviar, mucus. The volumes and methods of growing snails in the world and Ukraine have been analyzed, the tendency of annual increase in livestock and consumption of snails, especially in Europe, is formed, which creates favorable market conditions that guarantee the constant demand for products of activity of snail farms in Ukraine. It was established that in 2018 volumes reached 750 thousand tons. The data of the main countries of producers, importers and consumers of snails in the world are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of the production of snails are determined in comparison with the cultivation of farm animals. The analysis and characterization of feed supplementation for Ahatinka snails and grain-calcium blend used in Ukraine is provided. Objects of research - Snails Akhaten and snails grape Helix pomatia, fodder for snails. Scientifically substantiated and calculated recipe of full-feed compound for snails using the software complex KormOptimaExpert, which includes grain, protein mineral components and biologically active substances. The step-by-step scheme of technology of production of mixed fodders for snails is indicated, indicating technological regimes of production, according to which experimental samples of mixed fodder are made. The physical, chemical and microbiological indices of full-fodder mixed fodders for the snails were studied. According to the organoleptic, physical properties and chemical composition, ready-mixed fodder for snails meets the requirements of the State Standard of Ukraine. The results of the zootechnical evaluation of the developed mixed fodder, according to which it was established that feed for snails during feeding gives a positive zootechnical effect, since the size of the shell at the end of the experiment relates to the commodity, the increase in the mass of snails increased by 13.6%, and the length by 30% at the coefficient the usefulness of a feed is equal to 1,2 ... 1,5.
  • Документ
    INTEGRATED PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY OF WASTES FROM CEREAL PRODUCTION
    (2019) N. KHORENGHY, A. LAPINSKA
    The article analyzes the structure of production of cereals in the country, it is established that during the processing of grain into grains a significant part of secondary material resources (flour and husk) is formed. Therefore, it is important to use husk of cereals as raw material for biofuel production. Different methods of producing organic solid biofuels have been analyzed, and it is shown that there are shortcomings of finished products - briquettes and pellets obtained without the use of binders, one of which is the problem of transportation over long distances, during which a considerable amount of compressed biofuel is destroyed due to an increase in humidity and, consequently, a decrease in their calorific values. Fuel pellets are mainly produced without addition, while for the production of briquettes with improved quality indicators, various additives and binders are used. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the complex technology of the processing of the waste of grain mills into pressed products. Object and object of research are formulated for achievement of the set goal. The object of research is the technological process of processing of waste of cereal mills, the regimes of certain technological processes, in particular preparation of binders. The subject of research is barley and barley husk, binders (barley glue). The use of starchy raw material - flour is suggested and grounded as a binder. On the basis of experimental studies, it has been proved that the most effective method is to prepare a paste of barley flour with a content of 15% CP followed by its introduction into biofuels in the amount of 5%. The article suggests and substantiates the complex technology of processing of cereal-based waste products into pressed products (fodder mixtures and biofuels), which includes the following technological lines: a pipeline preparation line; line of preparation for the binders; line of preparation of macro components; granulation line; briquetting line. The fuel pellets produced by this technology will have 1.13 kg / m3, fragility up to 10%. The scheme of the technological process of complex processing of cereal-based waste products into pressed products is presented. The principal technological scheme for the production of a granulated feed mixture or fuel pellets of feed is a holistic system within which the subsystems A, B, B, G1, D are interconnected. The principal technological scheme for the production of briquetted biofuels is a holistic system within which interconnections' The subsystems A, B, B, G, E function functioning seamlessly.
  • Документ
    REMOVAL OF MINERAL IMPURITIES FROM AFTER - HARVESTING RESIDUES OF CORN
    (2019) G. STANKEVYCH, H. НONCHARUK, I. SHIPKO, A. LIPIN
    Due to the energy crisis, special attention is paid to the production and use of biofuels. After-harvesting residues of corn (AHRC) may become a perspective source of energy for grain dryers. The following components of the AHRC are distinguished: stem, leaves, rod and wrapper of the cob. The AHRC is about 55...60% of the total weight of the plant. The annual harvest of corn grain is more than 20 million tons. The calorific value at burning of wheat straw is 14.4 MJ/kg, AHRC -15.7 MJ/kg. For comparison, the calorific value of wood on average is 14.24 MJ/kg, and natural gas is 33.5 MJ/m3 [1]. Using the AHRC can significantly reduce the need for imported gas. One of the directions of the use of plant raw materials as fuel is the production of granules [2]. The technology involves purifying raw materials from impurities, crushing and granulation. For a similar scheme, granulated feeds are produced. When picking up a harvester, following transportation and reloading, various contaminants, including mineral impurities in the form of stones, fall into the green mass. Having hit the crusher stones lead to damage to parts of the crushing mechanism, an accident and even an explosion. Clearing straw from impurities in agriculture is carried out on pneumatic separating machines [3]. But in the technical literature there is no data available to the separation of mineral impurities from the AHRC. As a result of the experiments, it was found that leaves and stalks can be separated by air from large stones, and the separation ofrods from stones is complicated. Under the influence of air flow, the rods are rotated along the pneumatic separating canal and unfolded by a long axis in parallel with the air flow, which leads to a decrease in the area of the midel section and to the reduction of the aerodynamic resistance. Therefore, to provide the required force acting on the core from the air stream, they increase the air velocity, which causes the capture and joint movement of the stones. To improve the separation process of the AHRC from the stones, it is necessary to develop a nutritional mechanism of the separator, in which to predict the possibility of orientation of the rods in the pneumocaps to the long axis across the air flow. This will enable you to reduce the air velocity required for separation and increase the difference in aerodynamic forces acting on the stones and rods. Accordingly, at the same time, the energy intensity of the pneumatic separation process will decrease and the efficiency of separating the AHRC from the stones increases. The separation of small stones smaller than 3 mm only by air is impossible, since they are picked up by the air flow that moves at the speed necessary for separating the stems (7.5...12.5 m/s). For the separation of small stones, it is proposed to use grid separators with combined air purge. For the complete separation of mineral impurities from corn cores, it is recommended to use hydro-separators.
  • Документ
    RESEARCH OF HYDROTHERMAL PROCESSING OF DRY BARLEY MALT
    (2019) O. S. KOVALOVA, Yu. O. CHURSINOV, D. D. KOFAN
    Functional properties of food products with the addition of germinated grain raw materials have become the object of increased attention of scientists and specialists in the food industry. In addition to the nutritional ingredients, food products with the addition of grain raw materials contain functional ingredients that positively affect the human body that helps to adapt to the effects of the external environment. Functional products with the addition of germinated grain are considered not only as a source of plastic substances and energy but also as a nutritional complex that provides a healing effect. The usage of germinated grain in the food and processing industries is very limited due to its short shelf life and the characteristics of preparing malt for further processing. A relevant technological challenge is the selection of barley malt moisture regimes. The cycle of researches concerning hydrothermal processing of dry barley malt has been carried out. The purpose of determining the optimal technological regimes of hydrothermal processing of dry germinated grain is the prospects for its further use in various food technologies as a food additive or a component of the enrichment of products with biologically active substances. The work highlights the selection process and the main technological parameters of the process that can be used in the industrial processing of barley malt. As a research object, dry germinated grain (malt) produced by a special technology was used. In the course of research, an optimal hydro module was selected for humidifying barley malt, the temperature regime of hydrothermal processing of germinated grain was determined, the degree of swelling of malted grain was determined, the optimum time of wetting of raw materials for its further processing was determined. When analyzing the data obtained, it was concluded that the optimal hydro module for swelling barley malt is 1:4, the optimum temperature is +65С and the duration of hydrothermal processing is 48 hours. The regimes of hydrothermal processing of barley malt presented in the article will allow optimizing the technological process of malt processing.